NOWGONG TOWN. 415 unhealthy, owing partly to the numerous swamps and partly to the utter disregard of sanitary precautions displayed by the native population. Conservancy is enforced only in that part of the civil station which is occupied by Europeans. The prevailing diseases are fever, bowel complaints, small-pox, cholera, cutaneous and venereal complaints, rheumatism, goitre, elephantiasis, and leprosy. Cholera frequently occurs in a sporadic form, and it is said to make its appearance as an epidemic about once in every four years. It has been observed that this disease invariably approaches from the west, advancing along the banks of the Brahmaputra and minor streans. In 1883 the total number of registered deaths in Nowgong District was 6997, showing a death-rate of 22:8 per thousand, a rate considerably below the truth, although fair improvement in the registration of vital statistics has been made of late years. Of the registered deaths in 1883, 3586 were assigned to fevers, 1560 to cholera, 81 to small-pox, 968 to bowel complaints, 56 to snake bite or wild beasts, and 744 to other causes. The charitable dispensary at Nowgong station afforded medical relief to 2570 in-door and out-door patients in 1883. In recent years, cattle plague, apparently introduced from Bengal, has committed great havoc in this District, as throughout the rest of Assam. In 1867, an infectious disease, supposed to be identical with the rinderpest of Europe, is said to have destroyed one-fourth of the total number of cattle. Even wild animals did not escape, tigers, buffaloes, and deer being found dead in the jungle with all the symptoms of the disease. In 1870 this epizootic again made its appearance; and out of 3210 cattle attacked, 2 199, or 68 per cent., are ascertained to have died. The average annual rainfall at the civil station for a period of 29 years ending 1881 was 80:60 inches. In 1883 the rainfall amounted to 72°32 inches, or 8.28 inches below the average. No thermometrical returns are available. [For further information regarding Nowgong, see the Statistical Account of Assam, by W. W. Hunter, vol. i. pp. 171-223 (London, Trübner & Co., 1879); A Descriptive Account of Assam, by W. Robinson (1841); Report on the Province of Assam, by Mr. A. J. Moffat Mills (Calcutta, 1854). See also Memorandum on the Revenue Administration of the Lower Provinces of Bengal, by Mr. D. J. M'Neile (1873); the Assam Census Report for 1881; and the several Administration and Departmental Reports from 1880 to 1884.) Nowgong.-Town and administrative head-quarters of Nowgong District, situated on the east bank of the Káláng river. Population (1871) 2883; (1881) 4248. Nowgong (Náogáon or Naugaon). — Town and cantonment in Bundelkhand, Central India ; situated between the British District of Hamirpur and the Native State of Chhatarpur. Population (1881) 7492 ; namely, 5391 Hindus, 2092 Muhammadans, and 9 others.' The
