LUCA'J'O H’ DISTRIC'IT 499
the old District, out of r498 tillages. 37; were owned by 37 IJ/u/a/a'r: In the District as at present constituted, 2| («i/arkdu'r: hold 246 villages. The other villages are either Mayor/him or samr'ndJrI. 1n the former case a community of small pmprietors hold a village with its demesne in coparcenaq tenure, each shareholder enjoying a portion of the land, and also receiting :I share of the rents paid by non-proprietary cultivm tors. It is a complex tenure. In wmr'mldn’ villages there is no such mixture of rights. Several men are joint proprietor.» of the village, but they divide the rents only; no one has any permanent or other than permissive interest in any portion of the land. The largest estate in the District is that of Riji Chund Seltar, who holds 28 villages. and pays a Government revenue of £3663 a year.
Famrha.~—F:tntines or severe scarcities have occurred in Lucknmr in 1769, 1784-86, 1837, 1861, 1865-66. 1869, r873, and r877-78— all caused by drought. In 1866, the price of wheat rose to i2 50‘: per rupee. or 95. 4d. a cwt.; and in 1369 to as high as 9 :0: per rupee, or 12:. 5d. a cwt. Maize and gram were quoted at from 13 to 12 50‘: per rupee, or from 85. 7d. to 95. 4d. a cut. in 1866 and 1869. At the height of the scarcity of 1873, cheap grain of some kind was to be had at from is to 16 rm per rupee, or from 65. 3d. to 75. a cwt. During the famine of 1877-78, Lucknow was one of the Districts most severely affected, and numerous Government relief work»: were opened
Road: and Commuuimtzbrm—The District is well provided with communications by road, river, and railway. Three imperial lines of road branch out south, east, and north to Cawnpur, Faizzibéd, and Sitépur, metalled and bridged throughout. and aggregating, exclu- sive ol’ the roads in Lucknow city and cantonments, a length of about 500 miles. The principal local lines of road are 6 in number, as follow:—(r) to Kt’irsi; (2) to Dewd; (3) to Sulttinpur, passing through Gosiinganj and Amethi ; (4) to Rzii Bareli, passing through Mohanlfilganj; (5) to Mohnn, which, arming the Sai by a fine old native-built bridge, passes on to Rastilzibid, in Unao District; (6) to Malihiibid. which runs on to Sandi‘la, a large town in Hardoi. These roads connect the capital with the pargzma’ towns, and the latter are joined by others running (1) from Mahona through Kdrst' to Deni, whence it passes on to the District of Ban Banki ; (2) from Goséin- ganj through Mohanlzilganj to meet the Imperial Cawnpur road at Janébganj near Bani bridge; and (3) by a road from Bani bridge through Mohan to Aunts, which Is there crossed (4) by a road that, passing over the Sai by a substantial bridge, runs through the upper end of the Mohan Ant-{ts pargana', and joins the Malihaibrld and Sandila road at Rnhlmébfid. There is another road. some 7 miles long, lead- ing from Lucknow to Bijnaur. These local roads are well bridged throughortt, and though heavy during the rains, are well suited for the
