130 THE LSDU2* ANTIQUARY. fjfii. 1876. a cow, or ft hor*e t on umbrella, a pair of sandals, u itool, corn, cloths, or even any very excellent vegetable" (p. 4$ S&4fl) w tho list of articles any ouu uf which was a fitting prescub made by a young iuuu to his precept the dose of his stndent'H career, anil it may 1 hereforo bo tmftginiid to coinpraheud m -.duablcs of tho time. The Dh'xrma a i- re contains any direct allusion to music or tn any of the fine arts, and in this respect l strong contrast with the Hebrew i however,, aro spoken of; and ring* and jewels ore slightly alluded to. In one paswige (p, lo!.!. l£$) tho km .1 of Ml I M .-aid to be alwup pure, an evident C to t ho exigencies of hia employment. Manners very primitive, and not a little coanso. Sexual MHtual% must have prevailed largely, if one may judge from the ropootod prohibition! ■..* bo met with in Hie Stbtiu under every
- , rr -ii.'Ty of form. Clothing was scanty, and it
•leeessary to "tuhoritativoly rommund the atudent to appear decently apparelled in tbo presence of his preceptor (p. 4*J, 'J-V). Dome* taa utensils seem tu hare been of the moat simple kinil, of various metals, i.e. of copper, iron, brass, pewter, tin, and lead, and generally of earthen wuru (p. VJT. HI), but the latter was not glazed. Leather even was used (p. 1 38. 1 10). Milium directions! am given by 31ann for tho ting of these Articles; and the natural in* drawn from tlio character of those lot great simplicity of life prevailed in all frlsinwis, From Manu T s prescription For a feast proper lo be given to Bnlhmuna on thn eweasinn of a trrdihlkai, we learn what in those tunes vfu sidered chnico food, and also tlio order of serving the - BO, 325). Tlio most prominent dish in tho tirsfc course wan a large Low! of rice ; this was accompanied by soup (or foot h) and vegetables, and wait eaten with to ilk and curds, clarified bnltcT ntid honey. After th.it rmiced puddings, milky messes of various sorts, BOOts nf herbs and ripe fruits; and then wivonry meats and sweet-smelling or aromatic mutton, tbu flesh of wild boars, or wild buffaloes, and oven of rliiuocci roe, was greatly esteemed aa food (p. $$ 209 ri And it seems pretty clear that in earlier days them was no retrain t upon eatimjnwot ; though o time of JIouu it was not considered law any flesh which had not been Sacri- !!. -I (p. II J, 218). Mann rays (p. 129, " fk-su-uical cannot be procured without in to animals, and the aluutrh ler of n u imals i ihntrncis the pi to beatitude; from flesh-uicnt there- fore let man abstain/' But. wo mast probably look bevond the religions precept in order tu find an cuculivu cause for the abstroflnoo whale people. Kit ml liftb, as opposed to town life, has great prominence given to it in thn luilituU*. Tho village, girt with a belt of common pusture- groand,'and cultivated khcte beyond, const 1 1 the unit of agricultural occupation or posses- sion ij. ,7). The land illagw bonitdariea belonged generally to the vJ ' thus wo have liana saying (p. £21 , £ I contest arise between two villages concemimr » Is-mmlnry, let the king ascertain the limits in tha 1 1 of Juishtha, when the landmarks ore seen listinctly ;" and Ktulnka's gloss ' or land- holders" after tlio wo villages' w»rrr* only to make this fact more plain ; doa his time eome villages had lust their independent commnnol oliamctcr, and oomu to be reek as the property of an individual owner, and hence- thn necessity for the eidnrgemunt of tlttt suntsnee, BoJ the arable folds, wells, tanks, gardens, and houses woro appropriated to the Out householders of the village and treatud as their private property (p. 233, gjja), Tlw mondfrt and pnlilif! pools or tonka stood on common ground (p. 222, 24S), Tho buhjectiun of worn servile in its character (p. Hi, 147. p. 245, Ac.). Mann himself declare* over and over again that .in It, never fit for tndepandenoa,*' though • -aural tendency to took upon thom as chattels met with i ouslou from him ; nid himgeir obliged to forbiil tli.tr bdag booght (p. B8, S2, p and sold in marriage, and (j< 29) viridieated sunn rights of property as they hud against spoKolaOO at the hands of tho male mpmliew of the family. A woman was 1 to be personally chastised like n child !• husband (p. £S and was for! 1m ima^QOted. Slie ia reprosente<l in the i&tra asocii inimo] in her pii^iuiiH.und entirely to resist temptation (p. 2*17, lo); whore- fore she must Ih? gwanled r amnKtsl, an* I at home, so that she mny not go ustruy (p* 58y.
