112 THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY. [April, 1873. 4. Bamene—14-14-23-14-14 - 2:3. 5. Parevardeene—16-10-20-16-16-26. 0. V ardika—20- 20-3 2 -20-20 - :32. The third line, it will be seen, is in every case one and a half tho first two. Take an example :— — v»v* - j — J J
J J J J KJ J J — J J
e&j SoOocjjoXj 14 — yj y* j — w u u - j v> — * — j j —
vs * wv/v/ — VS J W —
730 14 — vs vs vs vs vs — vs vs vs — 75^ d?53>. 14 — vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs — vs vs — vs vsvsvs vs — ?)^raa>^jz3^ tfjsrdi s£>rU>23. The number of lines in which the second con¬ sonant is the same is six. This tells us the verse belongs to the Satpade. Now by counting the number of accents in each line we find that the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 5th lines have 14 accents; the 3rd and 6th lines have each 23. The verse then is of the Bamene subdivi¬ sion of the Satpade. The last subdivision of the Matra Vritta is the Areya. Like the Kanda the Areya is a verse of four lines. The 1st and 3rd lines of the Areya verse must have 12 accents each. The number of accents in the 2nd and 4th lines determines the minor sub¬ division of the Areya to which the verse belongs. The subdivisions are—* (i.) Geta, where the 1st and 3rd lines have 1 12 accents, 2nd and 4th have 18. (ii.) Uppa Geta: 1st and 3rd lines—12 ac¬ cents, 2nd and 4th lines—15. (iii.) Sun Geta: 1st and 3rd lines have 12 accents. The 2nd and 3th do not agree in the number of accents. When the line is long enough to require it there is a rest or caesura in the middle. This is called Yetc. In the more perfect verse where a rest does occur, the initial consonant of the word following such rest is the same as the initial con¬ sonant of the line. This is not an Essential, but. like the use of the Antya Prasu, the verse in which it is found is considered more finished and perfect. 2. Kusuma has 10-10-17-10-10-17. 3. Boga—12-12-20-12-12-20. TPIE CALENDAR OF TIPU SULTAN. Bv P. N. PURNAIYA, B.A., YE LUND URL'. It may be a matter of surprise to many that j Tipu Sultan of Maisur, generally known as an j illiterate person, invented a Calendar, differing from the ordinary Muhammadan one, and which he always used in officially addressing the various functionaries that served under him. It is not J known at what time precisely he introduced his calendar, but it is believed by Colonel William i Kirkpatrick* that he did so, some time between j January and June 1784 A.D. Tipu allowed the week to have the usual j number of seven days, but the month was | changed, for though the number of them in the j year was twelve, yet it differs from both the Euro¬ pean and Hindi! month in the number of days ! that each contains. The principle according to ! which t he number of days in tlie month is de¬ termined is peculiar. A partial explanation is afforded in the following extract from the preface to Richardson’s Dictionary English, Persian, and Arabic:— “ The Muhammadan year is lunar. The months consist alternately of twenty-nine and thirty days. To the last an intercalary day is added eleven times in a period of thirty years, and these are abound! ny years. Thirty-two years of the Christian are nearly equal to thirty- three Muhammadan years." The difference will be obvious from the fol¬ lowing table, which shows the Hindu names corresponding to the months of Tipu’s Calendar, and also the signs of the Zodiac.
- Vide Select Letters of TippCi Sultan, by Colonel William Kirkpatrick. London, 1811.
