170 THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY. [June, 1873. occasion in Kutta I had unfortunately been misinformed when I wrote my first article.* * * § * * Karingali has been raised so high as to be offered no pigs, bnt only fowls !—possibly from the fear arising from publicly declaring her to be a demon. 3. Badra Kal i,asKadnBad r a Kali t. e. the Badra Kali of the jungle. She has a Brahnjm as Pfijari; but near her place is another stone at which either the Coorgs them¬ selves, or by their order, Maleyas offer fowls and goats. She has this character also among the Tulus, who once a year send a Brahman to serve her; sometimes the Brahman (against his caste-rules) orders a bloody sacrifice. By put¬ ting the epithet Bhadra (propitious, happy) to KAli the Brahmans may have tried to change the demon’s character: Bhadra means also li gold”—conf. No. 10. 4. Kundamme (Kunda-Amme),t. e. hill- mother : not general. 5. Karingorati (Kari-Korati), i. e. the dark Korati. Korati is also among the Tulus. She appears to be a female form of Koraga : see Males, No. 6.+ 6. Kalluruti (&allu-TJruti), i. e. stone- roller. She and the next are pointed out as having been imported by Tulus. 7. Nuchchutte (Nuchchu-Utte),i.e. pro¬ bably “ she who feeds on broken grains.” 8. Nanjavva (Nanju-Awa), t. e. poison- mother. She and the next two are demons of the Coorg HolSyas. 9. Nili Avva, i. e. black mother. Nili is the name of a crafty demon among the Ta¬ milas, f 10. Ponnang&lamme (Ponnu-ah-Tc&lu- Amme), i. e. mother with the bright (or golden) foot-sole. But is she not likely to be the same astheTamilaAng& li,Angalamme?§ Then the translation might be : Mother Kali, who is the bright incubus (conf. No. 3). Other Coorgs pronounce the name Pan n anga lam me; in this case the composition might be Pannah-kdlu- Amme, i. e. mother of strong feet, or, according
- There are many Coorgs that have never acquired the
knowledge of such particulars. Vide ante, p. 48. f In Tamila a female basket-maker who at the same time divines by cheiromanoy is called Kuratti. X Zieg. p. 186. § Regarding this AfigAlamme, see Zieg. p. 164 seqq. II VtrasPor Bhairavaa? IT PSy (*. e. wicked), the Tamila word to denote a to the Tamila reading, Mother Kali who is tho impetuous incubus. HI. Biras.—Another class of beings whom the Coorgs believe to exist is still to be men¬ tioned, viz. the Bir as.|| They are said to be human souls transformed to demons.Such people as die a violent death are likely to be¬ come Biras. Bfras have their stones at which bloody sacrifices are offered (fowls and also pigs). Deities, sometimes called Rain-gods. The so-called Deities {deva, devi) of the Coorgs are known by their being connected with regular temples (tirike, lit. sanctuary), Brahman P&jaris, and partly with idols. They are partly demons in a Brahmanical garb, partly entire importations. Such of them as are represented either by stones or by images, or by both, are the males Ayyappa and Mahadeva (Omkdresvara, Linga), both being nearly identical; and the female Badra Kali. Occasionally a face is painted on Mahadeva’s stone. As a temple-deity also Ayyappa is the patron of huntsmen ; he receives the same hunt¬ ing implements as the jungle-Ayyappa* ; his bloody sacrifices (or rather those connected with his host of Demons) are performed by the Coorgs at some distance from the temple, the Brahman Pfijari remaining in the temple. Mahadeva is quite modern Brahmanical, as no animals are killed for him. The temple B a d r a K a 1 i (also called P 6 - godi, Pavodi,a tadbhava of Bagavati) is considered by some Coorgs to be one with Cha¬ mundi. Her bloody sacrifices, consisting of fowls, goats, and buffaloes, are made in the vicinity of her temple. About every second year a buffalo- sacrifice takes place. The decapitator is a P a - r u v a (Mtkla), an outcaste who makes bamboo mats and baskets and beats the big drum (hem- bare) at certain festivities. Also the Tamilas hire a Pariya (t. e. drummer) to perform the decapitation at their Badra Kali sacrifices.t In the Tulu country the peasants (Banta, Gauda), though employing the Paruvas at masquerades, male devil, P Sy ch chi, being a female of them, is not found among the Coorgs and To} as. The feminine form strongly reminds one of Pi£&ohi, a word that is known and used everywhere in the South. • It may be remarked here that, as a rule, at all places oonnected with Coorg superstition, TrisMas (tridents) are found. t Zieg. p. 172.
