303 THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY. [Novembeb, 1872. . Badada (genitive) Adi Kesava simply is the Adi Kesava of the north, in opposition to his southern places in general. Kanaka knew and adored also the idol of Channiga * * * * § at B 6 - lura, sanskritised Velapura,f and the idol of Krishna at (Bada) Tirupati, which he once calls also tho Venkata £ of Sesliagiri, the specific name of the idol there. There is no song in the collection in which he mentions Udupu (Udapi) on the western coast; but in a series of his songs in one of the manuscripts there is one that, in its mudrikd, has : “ Krishna, the lord of Madhva,” and “Kesava” (not “ Adi Kesava”) ; and another that has : “Ma¬ dhva desis,” people of the country of M a - dh va, and “ Adi Kesava.” Madhva (or An- andatirtlia) is the well-known guru of Udupu, who died a.d. 1273. Purandara Dasa is said to have been bom at Purandaragada, and to have changed from a Smarta to a Vaishnava. One tradition connects him wiLh Krishna Raja of Vidyanagara on the Tungabhadra.§ The saying that he spent many days in Pandaripura, is confirmed by one of his songs in which he calls his deity “the lord of P a n d a r i-.” According to other songs, he knew also the idol-places of B e lu r u, T i r u- pati or TirumalS,a Hurukal, Ala- giri,|| Udupu, and Karkalato the south¬ east of Udupu.^f It is significant that he often calls Tirupati “Mudal giri,” i. e. the hill of the East, or “Mel giri,” t. e. the hill above (the Ghats), thus indicating the position of his usual residence. The Dasa whom I have called V a r a h a may perhaps be as properly called Varaha Tim- map pa, as this signature of his may mean either “the Timmappa of Varaha” or “the saila formerly, as it seems, was Srisaila (conf. the Dharma liTuji. inal'% Ind. Ant. vol. II. p. 174), and according to the Kanarese Bjshu Purdna (of a.d. 1369) the S r i s a i 1 a (or S ri giri) once was a great Liiiga-place (the linga be¬ ing called Mallikfijuna). Towards the end of the reign of tho Ballajas the Liiiga-worship thore began to decline.
- Chauuigaiaa translation of R a ii g a, an epithet of
Krishna. t I do not know which B £ 1 il r n or V 1 u r u is under- Ktood. Conf. the Vollur of the Ind. Ant. Vol. II. p. 172, as this is probably meant. Z Venkata sometimes means the sacred hill of T i r u - p a t i, sometimes tho idol there. § Significant regarding Purandara’g age is the circumstance of bis mentioning in connection with the pujd lit U 4 up u (“) the firing of guns (k6vi); (/3) the P r a ii g i (Paraugi) paHsu, the Jack-fruit of the Franks, i.e. the Pine-apple; (y) the Qdve mdvu, i.e. the Mango of Goa, a deity that is Varaha Timmappa.” His beloved place was Tirupati’sor Timmappa’s hill,* to which he gives also the names of Ahiriija giri, Uraga giri, Naga giri, Phani giri, Seshadri,Kandali giri, Ban- gar a d r i (gold-hill), Aiijanadri, Veda- chala, Sri sail a, Sripati giri, Ven¬ kata c h a 1 a, Atisreshtha giri, aud some¬ times only G i r i, or B c t ta (hill). Like Pu¬ randara he calls the hill also Mudal giri and Mel giri, occasionally Mudal Kade giri, i. e. the hill towards the East. He thought also very highly of Udupu, saying, for instance : “ The feet that ascend the hill on which Varaha Timmappa is, are the feet that remain firmly standing in Udup u.” Tim¬ mappa, as another name for the idol Tirupati or VOhkata Itamana, was also used by Puran¬ dara. VCnkata Dasa’s songs exclusively refer to Venkata Ramana on the Seshadri. Vithala Dasa, V i j a y a Dasa, and Madhva Dasa be¬ longed, it seems, to the establishment at U d u- pu. Vithala may have lived after Puran¬ dara, for ono of his mudrikds runs thus: “Having said: ‘O Vithala, Vithala (Krish¬ na)! Victory, victory! O new (abhinava) Purandara Vithala (i. e. O Vithala of the new' Purandara)!* take refuge with Hari!” This supposition may derive a little support from the Dasa song Vith'ipa (Vithoba) Charita, in which the deity is £ r i Vithala, who says to the un¬ fortunate child of the story : “ Ha, child! listen well! Ha! They call m3 Sri Vithala in the three worlds. My place isPandari na¬ ga r a. I have come to save thee.” Sri V i - tli a la may point to Vithala Dasa being the author of the song, and Pandari nagara, where superior kind of mango which comes from the grafted trees of that Portuguese locality. || This may be a corruption (perhaps a mistake in writing) of A1 a ga r mal? (ina.16 = giri), near Madhuri! in the south, that is one of the 108 celebrated Vaishnava places. In one song Purandara calls his Ranga ‘‘.the Rafiga of the K av 6 r i,” a name that points to Silranga, near Tiruchindpalli. f Of this place he sings: “ On the earth in the town called K & r k a ] a, opposite to a good Sri V e ii k a t c s a, firmly stands a Hanuina, by the grace of Purandara Vi¬ thala.” There was once a large Jaina establishment at K a r k a 1 a; the huge Gumuta (a stone image of Jaina wor¬ ship) there was, according to Mr. A. C. Burnell, erected A. D. 1431. A similar image, that, according to tradition, was executed somewhat later and as a rival, is at Y e n u r u, not very far from K a r k a 1 a.
- The T i m m a in Timma appa (father Timma), in this
case, I take to be “ Tiru,” i.e. Sri, and “ ava” i.e. he ; Tiru-ava = glorious one.
