settlement; wherever and whenever the members of hostile
tribes met a fight ensued. Wi-ne-ma, in the meantime, taking
up her residence near Yreka, California. This being the only
town of importance in that portion of the country, the Indians
round about came to trade, and enemies met and fought some-
times in the streets. Wi-ne-ma became the mediator between
the several tribes, and also, between her own race and the
white man. Through her management the Indians of several
of these fighting bands w r ere induced to meet in a treaty coun-
cil at Yreka. Judge Steele came to the council, representing
the white men, and joined Wi-ne-ma and Frank in their labor
of peace-making. The effort was successful and peace was
declared, a peace that has continued, in so far as the Indians
were concerned, among and between, themselves to this day.
Numerous instances might be related of Wi-ne-ma's timely
intervention between the races, whereby bloodshed was averted.
Suffice it, that she was universally known as "the woman-
chief," who could make peace, and who always calmed the
threatening tempest arising from contact of races. None knew
her but to respect her. Not a word has ever been uttered
against her veracity or good character, save the incredulity of
General Canby and Dr. Thomas during the existence of the
Mocloc Peace Commission in refusing to heed her warning as
to the danger of meeting her kinsmen in the Lava Bed. In
the Klamath council of 1865, she again demonstrated her
power for good by securing the attendance of Captain Jack,
who had refused to come at the invitation of the government.
In this council it was agreed by all parties, that both Schonchin
and Captain Jack should be recognized as chiefs. This com-
pact was broken by the agent of the government, and Captain
Jack justified himself in leaving the reservation.
Shortly after the withdrawal of her cousin Captain Jack from the reservation, Wi-ne-ma visited him at his home on Lost River. She besought him to return to the reservation, and obtained his consent on certain conditions. Wi-ne-ma was unable to secure the performance of the conditions, and Captain Jack did not go back at that time.
The Pitt River Indians occupied the country south of the
