PRIMITIVE MAN AND ENVIRONMENT 161
received from the environment, but as it lies in the nature of all psychic phenomena to reproduce themselves again and again in the same individual i this quality which is only valid from an endopsychical point of view is projected into the environment and the copies of things which take place in nature are thought to create and re-create their own originals from which they are de- rived. It is this reversal which, amongst other things, lies at the' bottom of the much-discussed intichiuma ceremonies, this is why animals can be made to multiply by imitating them, why rain is made by pouring out water, black cloyds by wearing black skins, etc.2 The identification of human clans with natural species is an Introjection » of nature into society which may be extended and systematised by the creation of sub-totems by the socio-morph categories into which certain tribes of South-East Australia and America press the manifold impressions created in man by the organic and inorganic world. * Amongst the Wotjobaluk each totem contains a number of sub-totems. The sub-totems amount to a complete division of the universe between two phatries called after the White and Black Cockatoo, A man who belongs to the Krokitch moiety and the Sun totem claimed the Kangaroo as belonging to him, another claimed the star Bunjil. "The true totem owns him but he owns the sub-totem."» Amongst the Ta- ta-thi, Wathi-wathi and allied tribes "the universe is divided be- tween the different members of the tribe, some claim the trees, others the plains, others the sky, stars, wind, rain, and so on."« "The Zuni pueblo is divided into seven parts, corresponding to their subdivision of the 'worlds' or world-quarters of this world. Thus one division of the town is supposed to be related to the north, another division to the east, yet another to the upper world, while a final division represents the middle or 'mother' and syn-
» C/. J. M. Baldwin: Mental Development in the Child and the Race, 1911, p. 250, on circular reaction, and S, Freud: Jenseits des Lustpriuzips, 1920, on compulsory repetition {Wiederholungszwang).
» For the data on imitative magic see Frazer: The Magic Art, 1911.
» As to introjection see S. Ferenczi: "Introjection und Obertragung". Jahrhuck der Psa., 1909, Bd. I, S. 422.
- ■ Durkheim et Mauss: "De quelques formes primitives de classification",
Annie Sociologique, VI, 1901/2.
5 A. W. Hewitt: The Native Tribes of South East Australia, 1904,121—3.
• A. L. P. Cameron: "Notes on some tribes of New South Wales"- Joum. Antkr. Inst. 1884, p. 360.
