has no effect. The only place for which rainfall data are available is Kyelang in British Lahoul. It js about six inches during the whole season (June to September) and including the melted snowfall it is not more than twenty-three inches in the whole year. During the greater part of the year it is very cold.
Beyond the Inner Himalayas the dry and cold atmosphere does not allow any Liverwort to grow. The rainfall is extremely small and the temperature very low. Strong winds are usually blowing. The country is a desolate barren desert.
Floristic Details.
Below are given the lists of species found at the different places visited. Of course some more species are certain to be found at every one of these places when a more intensive study is undertaken and more time is devoted to each place, but it may safely be stated that this number would in no case be very large and since this statement affects all the places equally the relative abundance of the Liverwort flora of any locality is not affected. It may also be stated that all these places were visited some time between the end of June and the end of September though several were visited at other times of the year also. The best time for Liverworts in the Himalayas is between July and September. In the plains the best time is late winter and spring.
1 Mussoorie. (6-7,000 ft.)
Mean Max. temp. — Mean min. temp. — Long. 30° 27' N. Lat. 78° 5' E. Average annual rainfall 96". (Though this hill-station is not situated in the Western Himalayas strictly speaking, but the list would be useful for purposes of comparison of the West and East Himalayan floras. )
- 1. Riccia himalayensis Sb. 2. Targionia hypophyllah. 3. Gyatho-
dium tuberosum Kash. 4t.Aitchisoniella himalayensis Kash. b.Athalamia pinguis Falc. 6. Gollaniella pusilla St. 7. Plagiochasma appendiculatum L. et L. 8. P. articulatum Kash. 9.Beboulia hemispherica (L.) Raddi. 10. Fimbriaria Blumeana Nees. 11. F. angusta St. 12.P. mussuriensis Kash. 13. Grimaldia indica St. 14. Stephensoniella brevipedunculata Kash. 15. Exormotheca tuberifera Kash. 16. Cryptomitrium himalayense Kash. 17. Bamortiera velutina Schffn. 18. B. hirsuta (Sw.) R. Bl. nees. (?) 19. Marchantia nepalensis L. et L. 20. M. palmata Nees. 21. Aneura indica St. 22. Metzgeria pubescens (Schrank) Raddi. 23. Metzgeria himalayensis Kash. (Both species at about 5,000 ft.) 24. Pellia calycina (Tayl.) Nees. 25. Fossombronia himalayensis Kash.
1 Where clhnatological data are not available the spaces are left blank,
