LIVERWORTS IN THE WESTERN HIMALAYAS. 155
Of the next two localities the first, Pathankote, is at the foot of
the Outer Himalayas, and the second, Lahore, is in the plains. The
poverty of the species is noteworthy,
Pathankote.
Long. 32° 16 N. Lat. 75° 40' E. Aver, annual rain. 47" Mean. Mas. temp. — Mean Min temp. — Biccia pathankotensis, Grimaldia inclica and Fimbriaria pathankotensis are the only common species, the first two much more so than the third. The first is quite abundant along the river flowing near by.
Lahore. (700 ft.)
Long. 31° 35' N. Lat. 74" 20' E. Aver, annual rain. 19.58". Mean Max. temp. 90.9°. Mean Min. temp. 64.2.
The only Liverworts that are found throughout the year here and there in favourable places are Biccia sanguinca Kash., Marchantia ncpalensis and M. palmata. In winter Biccia robusta Kash., B. cruciata Kash. and B. pathankotensis are also seen, the first in pretty large numbers. Biclla inclica St. appears in some years in a water-channel about March. Very rarely Plagiochasma appendicula- tum, P. articulatum, Grimaldia inclica and Anthoceros himalayensis are met with along the river bank. This list is the result of very thorough observations extending over a number of years and can hardly be improved. All the species except the first three and perhaps the fourth also are undoubtedly brought down from other places by the canal water.
The Ravi valley, (about 3,000 ft.)
The following species have been found. The localities, where recorded, are also noted : —
(Ghamba, the main town, is situated at an elevation of 3,027 ft. Long. 32° 29' N. Lat. 76° 11' E. Aver, annual rain. 47.60". Mean Max. temp. 77.7°. Mean Min. temp. 56.5° J
Targionia hypophylla.
Athalamia pinguis.
Grimaldia indica.
Plagiochasma appendiculatiim.
P. articulatum,
Beboulia hemispherica.
Sauchia spongiosa. Chamba-Pangi road, about 10,000 ft.
Fegatella conica. Common in moist places on northern slopes ; also Chamba-Pangi road.
Wicsnerella denudata. Above Khajiar.
Dumorticra vclutina. Common in moist places.
