INTRODUCTION.
The aim of the following chapters is to determine the conditions which are common to all machines, in order to decide what it is, among its great variety of forms, that essentially constitutes a machine;—they are therefore called Outlines of a Theory of Machines. The whole study of the constitution of machines—the Kinematics of Machinery—naturally divides itself into two parts, the one comprehending the theoretical, and the other the applied or practical side of the subject; of these the former alone forms the subject of this work. It deals chiefly with the establishment of those ideas which form the foundation of the applied part of the science, and in its treatment of these its method differs in great part essentially from those hitherto employed.
As I have here to do chiefly with theoretical questions, it might seem that I could hardly expect to interest others than those concerned only with the theoretical side of this special study. But Theory and Practice are not antagonistic, as is so often tacitly assumed. Theory is not necessarily unpractical, nor Practice unscientific, although both of these things may occur. Indeed in any department thoroughly elucidated by Science the truly practical coincides with the theoretical, if the theory be right. The popular antithesis should rather be between Theory and Empiricism. This will always remain, and the more Theory is extended the greater will be the drawback of the empirical, as compared with the theoretical methods. The latter can never be indifferent, therefore, to any who are able to use them, even if their work be
