GRAMPIAN MOUNTAINS. 133 GRANGE. GRAMPIAN MOUNTAINS, a series of heights dividing the two great highland and lowland districts of Sotland. They vary so much in character, according to their position, that "many geographers are unwilling to comprehend them all under one name. That portion of the chain which is most strictly denominated the " Grampians" is the range bordering the co. of Perth on the V. and N., and the co. of Forfar on the N. They are chiefly composed of gneiss and granite, and present a bare and rugged aspect. The principal peak is Ben Mac Dhui, among the Cairngorm group, on the Aberdeen and Banff boundary. It is the second highest mountain in Great Britain. GRAMPOUND, a tnshp. and post town in the pars. of Creed and Probus, W. div. of the hund. of Powder, co. Cornwall, 7 miles N.E. of Truro, and 14 S.W. of Bodmin. It is situated on the main road from the first- named town to St. Austell. The river Fal flows through the township. This was formerly a market town and par- liamentary borough, but was disfranchised in 1821. The Romans are believed to have had a station hero called Voluka. Divine service is performed on Sunday evenings in a small chapel, dedicated to St. Nauntcr. The Inde- pendents and Wesleyans have places of worship, and there is a National school. Here are some remains of an ancient church. Fairs are held on the 1 8th January, 1 1th June, and the Tuesdays following Lady Day andMichael- mas Day. GRAMPOUND or GRAND-PONT, a tythg. in the par. of St. Aldate, hund. of Hormer, co. Berks, lj mile from Oxford. The Crouched Friars had a house here in the reign of Edward I. GRANARD, a bar. in the co. Longford, prov. of Lein- ster, Ireland. It is bounded on the S. by the bar. of Ardagh, on the W. by the bar. of Longford, on the N. by co. Cavan, and on the E. by eo. Westmeath. It con- tains the pars, of Abbeylara, Columbkille, and parts of Clonbrony, Granard, andKilloe, comprising about 66,681 acres. The surface is flat, but the soil excellent. It has loughs Gownagh and Kennail, and two large bogs on the S. and E. borders. The river Camolin rises in the barony. GRANARD, a par., post and market town, in the bar. of Ardagh and Granard, co. Longford, prov. of Leinster, Ireland, 14 miles E. of Longford, and 65 from Dublin. The par. is 4J miles long by 3J broad, and contains 18,273 statute acres. Its surface is undulating, and the soil, especially on the high land, is rich and fertile. Part of Lough Kennail and several small lakes are within the limits. The Midland Great Western railway runs through part of the parish, the station being 3 miles from the town. The town is situated near Lough Gow- nagh, and was fonnerlv a parliamentary borough, return- ing two members before the Union. It obtained its charter from Charles II. It is supposed to derive its name from grain ard, " a sunny hill." It was destroyed by fire by Edward Bruce in 1315. The living is a vie. in the dioc. of Ardagh, val. about 460 per annum gross income. Here are a church, a handsome chapel in the course of erection, and now nearly completed, a school partly supported by a board of governors, Eras- mus Smith's school, two National schools, a market- h<mse, court-house, dispensary, and poorhouse. The town is the property of W. F. Greville, Esq. General sessions are held twice a year, and petty sessions once a week. It is a chief police station. Granard Poor-law ii lies within the counties of Longford, Cavan, and Vr -jtmrath, comprising 15 electoral divisions. The principal residences are Clonfin House, Creevy, Moss V;i In, and Castle Nugent. There are a great number of circular laths, and some square ones, in this and the iuing parish, which was severed from the union of
- crd in 18
- iS. There are two cromlechs, and from
tli' M'>:it, which is an elevated artificial mound near the imdfd by a fosse, and supposed to be a Danish work of defence, may be seen Loughs Sheelan, Derry-
- ,'h, Kennail, and Gownagh. Fairs are held on the
1'jth January, 3rd May, and 1st October. The May fair for dry or store cattle is probably the largest of the kind held in Ireland. Besides these fairs a very large market of grain, butter, and general produce is held every Mon- day, when a brisk and extensive trade in poultry is kept up direct with Manchester. GRANBY, a par. in the N. div. of the wap. of Bingham, co. Nottingham, 4 miles S.E. of Bingham, and 14 from Nottingham, its post town. It is situated on the river Devon, near the Grantham canal. The hmlt. of Button is included in the par. The Elton station on the Not- tingham and Grantham branch of the Great Northern railway is 3 milea N. of the village. There are quar- ries of gypsum and clay fit for brick and tile making. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Lincoln, val. 123. The church is an ancient and commodious edifice with square tower, dedicated to All Saints. The charities produce about 1 per annum. The Wesleyans have a chapel, and there is a free school. The Duke of Rutland is lord of the manor, and takes the title of marquis from this place. GRANDBOROUGH, a par. in the hund. of Ashendon, co. Bucks, 1J mile S. of Winslow, its post town, and 8 miles from A~ylesbury. The land is chiefly arable, and most of the people engaged in agriculture. The tithes were commuted for land and a corn-rent under an Enclosure Act in 1796. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Oxford, val. 191, in the patron, of the lord chancellor. The church is an ancient structure with square tower, dedi- cated to St. John the Baptist. It was rebuilt shortly after the Restoration, the original building having been taken down during the Civil War by Cornelius Holland, the regicide. The charities consist of a small land allot- ment. The Wesleyans have a chapel, and there is a good National school. W. S. Lowndes, Esq., is lord of the manor. GRANDBOROUGH, a par. in the Southam div. of the hund. of Knightlow, co. Warwick, 5 miles S. of Rugby, its post town, and G N.E. of Southam. The London and North-Western and Midland lines of rail- way pass in the vicinity. The village extends along the great Holyhead road, which intersects the parish. The tithes were commuted for land under an Enclosure Act, in 1765. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Worcester, val. 185. The church is an ancient structure dedicated to St. Peter. The parochial charities produce about 6 per annum. There is a National school for boys and girls. GRANDISON or GRANNY, a hmlt. in the par. of Kilmacow, bar. of Iverk, co. Kilkenny, prov. of Munster, Ireland, 3 miles N.W. of Waterford. It is situated on the river Suir. In the vicinity are the ruins of Grandi- son Castle, supposed to have been built by Pierce Butler, Earl of Ormonde. It is an extensive and interesting ruin. Fairs are held on the 12th April, 14th May, 4th September, and llth December. GRAND-PONT. See GEAMI-OUXD, co. Berks. GRANEY, a par. in the bar. of Kilkea and Moone, co. Kildare, prov. of Leinster, Ireland, 1 mile S.E. of Castle- dermot, its post town. The surface is drained by the Graney stream, and is traversed N.E. by the road from Carlow to Baltinglass. It contains a hill called Knock- channagh, 433 feet high. The living is a vie. with Castle- dermot, in the dioc. of Dublin, val. 489, in the patron, of the archbishop. A nunnery was founded here in 1200 by Walter de Riddlesford, and afterwards given to the St. Legers of Grangemellpn. GRANGE, a par. in the Isle of Purbeck, co. Dorset, 3 miles S. of Wareham. Here is a church, the living of which is a rect. in the dioc. of Salisbury. The principal residence is called The Grange, and formerly belonged to Bindon Abbey. GRANGE, or GRENCH, a hmlt. in the par. of Gil- lingham, hund. of Chatham, lathe of Aylesford, co. Kent, 2 miles E. of Chatham. It belongs to the Cinque Port of Hastings, and has remains of an ancient church. GRANGE, a hmlt. and tnshp. in the par. of Leint- wardine, hund. of Wigmore, co. Hereford, 1 mile from the village of Leintwardine, and 7 S.W. of Ludlow. This is united with the township of Adforton, and was a part of the demesne of Wigmoro Abbey.
