Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/229

HAWICK. 221 HAWKESBURY. 1IAWICK, the most southerly div. of co. Roxburgh, Scotland. Its length is a little over 27 miles, and its breadth over 20. It includes the pars, of Wilton, Hawick, Castleton, Cavers, Teviothead, Kirkton, and Jlinto, and parts of Askirk, Robcrton, and Selkirk. HAWICK, a par., market town, and free burgh of regality, in the district of its name, co. Roxburgh, Scot- land, 10 miles S.W. of Jedburgh, and 50 from Edin- burgh. It is a station on the Hawick branch of the North British railway. The par. is nearly 6 miles long, and its greatest breadth is 3 miles. Its boundaries are Roberton, Wilton, Cavers, Kirkton, and Teviotdale. The rivers Teviot and Slitrig traverse the parish. The soil in the neighbourhood of the rivers is rich and well cultivated. A large proportion of the surface is hilly pasture. In the 14th century the barony of Hawick was held of the crown by Richard Lovell, Lord Hawick, and in the reign of David II. by Earl Maurice of Strathearn, and came to the Douglasses of Drumlanrig in the 15th century, as appears by the grant of James I. of Scotland, still preserved in the possession of the Duke of Buccleuch. This par. is in the presb. of Jedburgh, and synod of Merse and Teviotdale. The minister has a stipend of 300. The new church was built by the Duke of Buc- cleuch. Here are one Free and three United Presby- terian churches, Independent, Roman Catholic, and Morrisonian chapels, and a Baptist meeting-house. There are parochial and twelve other schools. The foundation of this town seems to have been at a very early period. The old parish church was dedicated to St. Mary in 1214, and was subsequently used as a court-house, when Sheriff Ramsay was seized by William Douglas in 1342, thrown into prison, and starved to death. The old church, now used as a chapel-of-case, was built in 1764. Among the principal seats are Cavers, Stobbs, Briaryards, Burngar, Midshields, and others. The village of Wilton is con- nected with the town of Hawick by a bridge over the Teviot, and there are two bridges across the Slitrig one verv modern, built to replace the old ribbed bridge, which was removed in 1851. The town of Hawick is situated at the junction of the rivers Teviot and Slitrig. It is a borough of regality, a prosperous market town and seat of manufacture. It consists of one main street running parallel with the Teviot, and several minor streets, including the Crescent. Though the town has of late years undergone much architectural reformation in the way of new streets, it is remarkably poor in public buildings. The principal are the townhall, or court-house, assembly rooms, three banks, several insur- ance agencies, and benefit societies. It also contains gas and water works, baths and washhouses, an excellent public library, a tradesman's library, carding mills, tan-yards, school of art, mechanics' institute, and Dick- son's extensive nursery ground. Hawick claims the merit of having instituted the first Scottish fanners' club, in 1770, and the first Sunday-school established in Scot- land is believed to have been started here. The town is i ned under a charter, granted for services at Flodden Field in 1545, by 2 bailies, 15 councillors, and 14 deacons of 7 guilds. A little more than a century ago the trade of Hawick was very trifling. Carpet-weaving was intro- duced in 1752, which was followed by the manufacture of lambs' wool and cotton hose this last manufacture has since made rapid progress, and now forms the chief lnaiifh of industry of the town. The only remnant of riginal town of the loth century which still remains is the " Tower Inn," once the baronial residence of the Dnimlanrigs. It escaped destruction while the rest of the town was thrice burnt by the English in 1418, 1">1 1, and 1570. In 1767 the Slitrig overflowed its banks so much as to cause a destructive inundation ; and a similar, though less destructive disaster, took place in ISlij. Formerly the town contained many old Peel .', but they have nearly all disappeared in the advancement of improvementa. The Mote is situated on a rising ground at the extremity of the town. It is opposed to have been the spot reserved for the celebra- tion (if religious ceremonies. It was the seat of justice, and it was here the Beltane fires wero lighted annually TOL. II. in Jliiy. A portion of the Catrail entrenchment may be seen near the town, and there are also traces of Roman and British encampments in the vicinity. At no great distance stand the towers of Goldielands and Branx- holm ; the former is a very perfect old border castle, the latter is the ancient ducal seat of the Buccleuchs. Thomas Somerville, author of the " History of tho Reign of Queen Anne ;" General Elliot, the hero of Gibraltar ; Admiral Elliot, of Minto ; Jane Elliott, and Dr. Leyden, the poet, wero natives of this town. Gawyn Douglas, Bishop of Dunkeld, was rector of Hawick in 1496, and W. Fowler, secretary to James VI. 's queen, held the charge of the parish. By ancient custom, the gill of Hawick is just double tho quantity of the ordinary measure thus explaining why " Weel she lo'ed a Hawick gill," in the old ballad. Thursday is market day. Fairs are held on the 17th May, first Thursday after St. Bos- well's, 20th September, third Tuesday in October, and 8th November. HAWKCHURCH, a par. in the hund. of ITggscombe, Dorchester div. of co. Dorset, 3 miles N.E. of Axminster. The par. is bounded on tho N.W. by the river Axe, and contains Phillyholme and Wylde Court the latter the seat of Lord Bridport, where Colonel Wyndham enter- tained Charles II. the night previous to his attempted embarkation at Charmouth. Tho village is considerable, and part of the people are employed in spinning twine. Tho living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Sarum, val. 600. The church, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, is a small ancient edifice with two Norman arches, adorned with zig-zag mouldings. It contains a monument to Admiral Sir W. Domett, the friend of Nelson, and captain of the fleet in the expedition to Copenhagen. On Lambert's Castle Hill, which rises 900 feet above the sea, are remains of an ancient fortification and traces of a Roman camp. HAWKEDON, or HARDON, a par. in tho hund. of Risbridgc, co. Suffolk, 6 miles N.E. of Clare, and 9 S.W. of Bury St. Edmund's. The village is small, but neatly built. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of 360, with 50 acres of glebe awarded in 1841. Tho rectory house is a handsome structure built in 1850, and commands extensive views. The parish consists of tho two manors of Thurston Hall and Hawkedon Hall ; of the former H. J. Oakes, Esq., is lord, and of the latter J. E. Hale, Esq. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Ely, val. 400. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is an ancient edifice with a tower containing five bells. It has a handsome E. window, several monuments and brasses, and a very old font. There is a National school, built in 1848. HAWKERLAND, or HOOKERLAND, a hmlt. in the par. of Colyton-Rawleigh, co. Devon, 2 miles W. of Sidmouth. HAWKESBOROUGH, a hund. in the rape of Hastings, co. Sussex, contains the pars, of Heathfield, Warbleton, and part of Burwash. HAWKESBURY, a par. in tho upper div. of tho hund. of Grumbalds Ash, co. Gloucester, 4 miles N.E. of Chipping Sodbury, 15 N.E. of Bath, and 16 E. of Bristol. The nearest station is Wickwar, on the Bristol and Birmingham line, and tho old road from Bath to Circncester runs through tho parish. It contains the tythgs. of Hawkesbury, Little Badminton, Hillaley, Kil- cott, Tresham, Saddlewood, and Upton. The soil is clay alternating with sand, upon a subsoil of blue lias and sand. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of 350, and the impropriate, which belong to tho Duke of Beaufort and others, for 231 17s. On the summit of a hill commanding an extensive view is a tower, erected in 1846 to the memory of General Lord R. E. H. Somerset. This place gives name to a deanery in tho archdf.-xc. of Bristol, and dio. of Gloucester and Bristol. Tho living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Glou- cester and Bristol, val. 300. The church, dedicated to 5t. Mary, is an ancient structure with a tower, chiefly in the perpendicular style, though portions show traces of Norman architecture. It contains monuments and x>mbs of the Jenkinsons, earls of Liverpool, who took