Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/31

NEW ABBEY. NEWARK-TJPON-TRENT. storms of wind and heavy rains, is nevertheless re- markably healthy. In the southern part of the parish is Loch Kinder, a lake about lj mile long and three- quarters of a mile broad, abounding with trout. There are also two other smaller lakes, each about three- quarters of a mile long, Lochend and Craigend, abounding with pike. The burn, called New Abbey Pows, allows vessels of 60 to 70 tons burthen to come up to the village, importing lime and sheila for manure, and some coals. On the N. lie the woods of Shambelly, and to the S. the dark braes of Criffle, the lofty hill of which rises to the height of 2,000 feet above sea-level. Near the shore of Lochend is the spot where one of the early Covenanters of this district met an untimely end. On the Glen Hill, a continuation of the Criffle, stands a monument erected in commemoration of the battle of Waterloo. It is a granite column of spiral form, 50 feet in height and 16 in diameter, and has a spiral staircase within. At Craigend farm there is a rocking stone, consisting of a huge block of syenite, computed to be about 15 tons in weight. There are various mills in the parish. The parish is traversed by the coach road from Dumfries to Kirkcudbright. The village of Newabbey is about 12 miles E. of Dalbeattie, and 7 W. of Dumfries. It is of small extent, and is situated at the eastern extremity of the county, near the mouth of the Nith. It was originally called Kirkinder, but took the name of New- abbey from the once celebrated religious establishment founded in the 1 3th century for the Cistercian order of monks by Dervorguilla, daughter of Alan, lord of Gallo- way, and wife of John Baliol, Lord of Castle Barnard, and mother of John Baliol, king of Scotland. Andrew Winton, who was Prior of Loch Leven, informs us that after the death of Baliol in 1269, the Lady Dorvorguilla caused his heart to be embalmed and put into an ivory box, which was then embedded in the wall of the abbey church near the high altar, from which circumstance it was styled the Abbey of Sweetheart, though it was afterwards more generally oalled New Abbey. The ruins occupy an area of 240 by 150 feet. The abbey was a lofty building of the light Gothic stylo of archi- tecture, supported on arches and Gothic pillars. The area, called the Precinct, is still used as a place of interment for Roman Catholics. The church is the chief portion of the existing ruin. Near it are the remains of an ancient tower called the Abbot's Tower, which was once the residence of the abbots, and from its elevated position commands extensive views. This par. is in the presb. and synod of Dumfries, in the patron, of the crown. The minister has a stipend of 254. The parish church, which was erected before the Refor- mation, was rebuilt about half a century back, and lias since that period been enlarged. The Roman Catholics have a chapel at Kirkconnel. There are three parochial schools. NEW ABBEY, an ancient seat in the par. and bar. of Kilcullen, co. Kildare, Ireland, 8 miles E. by S. of Kildaro. The remains of this once magnificent mansion, which was given by Queen Elizabeth to the poet Spenser, stand on the river Liffcy, near Kilculleu Bridge, occu- pying the site of a Franciscan monastery founded in 1460 by Sir R. Eustace. NEW ACCRINGTON. See ACCKKOTON, NEW, and the like for other places with this prefix, not occurring in the following order. XKWALL WITH CLIFTON, a tnshp. in the par. of Otley, upper div. of Claro wap., West Riding co. York, 1 mile N. of Otley. This township, which is of small extent, is situated on the river Wharfc, and is wholly agricultural. The soil is rich, and of a loamy nature, with a subsoil of clay. Newall Hall and Ash- field House are the principal residences; the former is distant about half a mile, and the latter 1 mile, from Otley. NKWARK, a quoad sacra par. in the pars, of Kil- malcolm and New Port Glasgow, co. Renfrew, Scotland, adjoining the town of Port Glasgow. It is but a quarter of a mile in length, with a breadth of about one-eighth of a mile. It was established as a separate YOL. III. district by the Court of Teinds in 1855. The greater part of the barony of Newark is in the par. of Kilmal- colm, but the ancient castle stands in that of Port Glasgow. The site of this venerable pile is on a point of land extending, into the Clyde. It is of quadran- gular form and nearly entire, and bears the arms of the Maxwells over its principal doorway. It forms a most prominent feature in the landscape, and from its top there is a fine prospect. The church or chapel-of-ease was erected in 1774. NEWARK, a limit, and chplry. in the par. of St. John Baptist, soke of Peterborough, co. Northampton, 1^ milo N.E. of Peterborough. The chapel which formerly stood here was dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene, but has long been iu ruins. NEWARK, a lib. in the borough and co. of Lei- cester. NEWARK, a bay on the E. side of the Orkney group of islands, coast of Scotland, near Start Point. NEWARK CASTLE, a seat of the Duke of Buc- cleuch, co. Selkirk, Scotland, 3 miles W. of Selkirk. It is situated on the river Yarrow, and was once occupied by the Duchess Anne, widow of the unfortunate Mon- mouth, who hero listened to the " Lay of the Last Minstrel." There are also several other ruins in Scot- land of the same name one in co. Fife, near St. Mon- ance, once the seat of General Leslie, who disgraced his name by the massacre here of the prisoners taken at Philiphaugh ; and an old castle on the W. coast of Ayr, near Maybole. NEWARK, NORTH, a wap. in co. Nottingham. It contains the pars, of North Clifton, North and South Collingham, Girton, Langford, South Scarle, Thorney, and Winthorpe, comprising an area of 19,600 acres. NEWARK, SOUTH, a wap. as above, contains the borough of Newark, and the pars, of Balderton, Barnby- in-the-Willows, Coddington, Cotham, East Stoke, El- ston, Farndon, Hawton, Kilvington, Shelton, Sibthorpe, Staunton, Syerston, and Thorpe, comprising an area of (Newark excepted) 20,230 acres. NEWARK-UPON-TRENT, a par., market town, municipal and parliamentary borough, in the hund. of Newark, co. Nottingham, 124 miles from London by road, or 120 bythe Great Northern, and 148 by the Mid- land railway, 16 N. from Lincoln, and 18 from Notting- ham. The old town is said to have been founded by a portion of the ancient Welsh people called the Corituni, and, being destroyed subsequently by the Northmen, the present town was rebuilt, and called New-work or New-ivark. The castle of Newark, of which only the ruins remain, is famous as the scene of many historical events. It is supposed to have been originally built by King Egbert, but was almost entirely rebuilt by Bishop Alexander in the reign of King Stephen, who, however, in consequence of that prelate's insurrection, seized it into his own hands. When the castle was besieged by the barons in the interest of the Dauphin of France, King John came to its relief, and died there in 1216. Later it was used as a state prison. It was at Newark Castle that Cardinal Wolsey halted with his princely retinue on his progress to Southwell. In the civil wars of Charles I. it sustained three several sieges, in the years 1643, 1644, and 1645. In 1046 the king commanded Lord Bellasis, governor of the castle, to surrender it and the town to the Scottish army ; and the former was then dismantled, the King's and Queen's Sconces, two con- siderable earthworks, being alone loft. On the accession of Charles II. that king granted a new and most favourable charter to the town, and, in return for its loyalty to his father, willed that it should return two members to parliament. It was first chartered by King Edward VI. ; and is now governed by a mayor, 6 aldermen, and 18 councillors, with the style of " tlio mayor and aldermen of the borough of Newark." The town is situated on the river Devon, which communi- cates with the Trent both above and below it. It is irregularly laid out in streets, which diverge from the market-place, the latter being about the centre. It reaches about a mile along the bank of the river, and