Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/404

SANDBACH. 392 SANDERINGHAM. West Riding co. York, 2 miles S.E. of Wakefield, its post town. The village, which is large and old, is situated on the S. side of the Vale of Calder, and on the road from Wakefield to Barnsley. The Barnsley canal and the North Midland railway pass through the par., which comprises the tnshps. of West Bretton, Chapelthorpe, Crigglestone, Walton, and 6 hmlts. Near the village are slight traces of a castle erected by John Plantagenet, the last Earl of Warren, in 1320, which passed to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, who fell in the battle of Wakefield in 1460, and was subsequently the residence of his son, afterwards Eichard III. During the parliamentary war in the reign of Charles I. the castle was taken and dismantled by order of parliament. The district abounds with coal, of which several mines are wrought, and there are quarries of good freestone. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in agriculture. The Wakefield cemetery is included in this parish. Nevison, the highway robber, was appre- hended here in 1684, at a publichouse with the sign of "Sandal Three Horses." The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Ripon, val. 157. The church, dedicated to St. Helen, has a square embattled tower containing a clock and six bells. There is also a district church at Chapel- thorpe, the living of which is a perpet. cur.,* val. 189. The church is of recent erection. The parochial charities produce about 300 per annum. There are two alms- houses for women, founded by George Grice, and rebuilt in 1823, also an endowed school founded by Alderman Scholey of London in 1839. The parish contains several seats, as Brooke House, Castle Grove, Manygates, Portobello, Sandal Hall, Sandal Grange, Sandal House, Springbank Villa, Woodlands, and Woolgreaves. Sir L. II. S. Pilkington, Bart., of Chevet Hall, is lord of the manor. SANDBACH, a par., tnshp., and market town in the hunds. of Northwich and Nantwich, co. Chester, 26J miles S.E. of Chester, and 4 from Crewe. It is a station on the Manchester and Crewe section of the London and North- Western railway. The par., which is situated in the midst of a fertile tract of country, is extensive, comprising the tnshps. of Arclid, Betchton, Bradwell, Blackden, Cotton, Cranage, Hassall, Leese, Radheeth, Sandbach, Twemlow, and Wheelock, with the chplries. of Elworth, Church-Hulme, Wheelock, and Gooslrey. The parish is traversed by the Grand Trunk canal and the Manchester and Crewe railway. The surface is in general flat, but from certain points views are obtained of the Vale Eoyal, the hills of Staffordshire and Derbyshire, and the distant mountains of Wales. The land is peculiarly adapted for grazing, the pasture being rich and luxuriant. The town stands on an eminence overlooking the small river Wheelock, which falls into the Dane, after putting in motion a large silk mill. The town is irregularly built, but con- tains several good streets, and the houses are in general neat. It has been considerably improved of late years, and is now lighted with gas and amply supplied with water. The principal public buildings are the townhall, occupying the S. side of the market place, with the butter market beneath ; the assembly rooms, erected in 1857 at a cost of 2,800, containing a public hall, library, reading rooms for the upper and lower classes, and county offices, with lock-ups, constables' rooms, and residence for the principal police officer. There are besides a savings-bank, erected in 1854 in the Elizabethan style of architecture; gasworks, constructed in 1847; and public baths. The inhabitants formerly carried on a brisk trade in malt, and the manufacture of worsted yarn and stuffs, but these have been superseded by the throwsting and manufacture of silk, for which there are extensive factories. The manufacture of boots and shoes is also carried on to a considerable extent for houses in Manchester and Liverpool. There are brine springs, salt works, and steam and water corn-mills in the parish. The population of the parish in 1851 was 8,552, and of the township, 4,567, but these numbers had increased by 1861 to 9,046 and 4,989 respectively. The limits of the town, however, are not co-extensive with the township, comprising only 3,252 inhabitants. Petty sessions are held in the townhall every alternate Monday, and two constables are appointed yearly at the petty sessions of the county magistrates. A court leet and baron is held annually by Lord Crewe, of Crewe Hall, who is lord of the manor and principal landowner. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Chester, val. 1,000, with 50 acres of glebe. The parish church, dedicated to St. Mary, is an ancient structure with an open arched tower at the W. end, surmounted by crocketed pinnacles, containing a clock and peal of eight bells. It has been recently recased with stone, and the tower rebuilt from the foundation. In addition to the parish church are the follow- ing district churches, viz. St. John, at Sandbach Heath, St. Peter's, Elworth, Church-Hulme, Goostrey, and Wheelock, the livings of which are perpet. curs.,* vary- ing in val. from 175 to 120. There are places of worship for Wesleyan, Primitive, and Association Metho- dists, and Independents. The charities comprise several benefactions originally amounting to only 420, but having been laid out in 1790 in the purchase of land in the neighbourhood of Burslem, under which some valuable strata of coal have been discovered, they now produce between 1,000 and 2,000 a year. The grammar school, founded in 1694 by Francis Wells, has an income from endowment of 200 per annum. The school buildings are an Elizabethan pile situated in the Wheelock road, and were erected at a cost of A'5,000. There are besides large National schools for boys, girls, and infants, British and Foreign schools, industrial schools, and several private seminaries. In the market place are two ancient obelisks or crosses, covered with rude sculptures, and asserted by tradition to have been erected by Penda, the Saxon king of Northumbria, on his conversion to Christianity in 609. Market day is Thursday. Fairs are held on Easter Tuesday, the first Tuesday after 12th September, and on 28th December, on which last day a statute fair is also held for hiring farm servants. SANDBECK PARK, the seat of the Earl of Scar- borough in the wap. of Strafforth and Tickhill, West Riding co. York, 3 miles S.W. of Tickhill, and 47 S. of York. In the grounds are the remains of Roche Abbey. SANDBOROUGH, a hmlt. in the par. of Hamstall- Ridware, co. Stafford, 6 miles N. of Lichfield. SANDCROFT, a par. in the hund. of Wangford, co. Suffolk. See ELMHAM, SOUTH, ST. CROSS. SANDEND, a vil. in the par. of Fordyee, co. Banff, Scotland, 4 miles W. of Portsoy. SANDEN FEE, a tythg. in the par. of Hungerford, hund. of Kintbury Eagle, co. Berks, near Hungerford. SANDERA, or SANDRAY, an island in the par. of Barra, co. Inverness, Scotland, 3j miles S.W. of Barra, and 2 j N.E. of Pabba. It is of nearly circular form, the chord of the arc being about 1 J mile. It has an indented coast line, and the interior consists of a single hill of gneiss, rising about 800 feet above sea-level. The summit appears at a distance as if covered with snow, owing to its being strewn with calcareous sand. An extensive Danish dun exists on the E. coast. SANDERINGHAM, or SANDRINGHAM, a par. in the hund. of Freebridge-Lynn, co. Norfolk, 3 miles N.E. of Castle-Rising, and 7 N.E. of Lynn, its post town. It is a small secluded village, containing, in 1861, only 56 inhabitants. The surface is varied, and the scenery enriched with wood, but the land is comparatively barren, nearly half consisting of heath, peat, woodland, and rabbit warren. The soil is generally light and sandy, with clay in parts, and at the E. end of the parish the subsoil is chalk. Sandringham Hall, late the seat of the Hon. Charles Spenser Cowper, was purchased by the Prince of Wales in 1862, who frequently resides here for the enjoyment of hunting and sporting. The West Norfolk hunt frequently meets here. Sandringham heath comprises nearly 200 acres, extending hence to Wolverton, the woods at which afford good sporting, especially for woodcocks. The tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of 90, and the glebe contains