Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/409

SANDYCOVE. 397 SANQUHAR. extensive, is situated on the river Irvel, and on the road from Potton to Bedford. A large portion of the land is laid out in garden grounds, and cucumbers are grown in the open air. The soil is chiefly of a sandy nature, but is rich and fertile. The substratum is sandstone intermixed with iron, fossil wood, and small pebbles, in which yellow quartz predominates. The hmlts. of Beeston Green, Gritford, and Stratford are within this parish. It was formerly a Roman station on the way from St. Alban's to Godmanchester, and was designated Salinie. In the vicinity are traces of two camps, one of which is called Caesar's camp, of about 30 acres. At Sandy Warren is a meet for the Cambridgeshire hounds. The tithes were commuted for land and money payments under Enclosure Acts in 1789 and 1798, and the glebe comprises 323 acres. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Ely, val. 769. The church, dedicated to St. Swithin, is an ancient edifice, with a tower containing a clock and five bells. The parochial charities produce about 90 per annum. A free school for girls was built in 1840, and a public one for boys in 1843. The Wes- leyans and Baptists have each a place of worship. Several Roman coins, urns, and fragments of pottery have been found here and at Chesterfield. The Hasells is the principal residence. Francis Pym, Esq., is lord of the manor. SANDYCOVE, a vil. in the bar. of Rathdown, co. Dublin, Ireland, half a mile from Kingstown. It is a station on the Kingstown and Bray branch of the Dublin, Wicklow, and Wexford railway. SANDYOOVE, a vil. in the par. of Ringrone, bar. of Kinsale, co. Cork, proy. of Munster, Ireland, 1J mile S. of Kinsale. The village is situated on Sandycove Bay, and has the parish church in the vicinity, and the remains of Ringrone castle erected in the time of Richard II. by the De Courcey family. SANDY END, a reach or bend of the river Thames, opposite Battersea New Park, where the Imperial gas- works now stand. It was once the spot where Addison and Steele resided in 1708. SANDYFORD, a vil. in the bar. of Rathdown, co. Dublin, 1 mile S.E. of Dundrum. SANDYFORD, a vil. in the par. of Wolstanton, co. Stafford, 2 miles N. of Newcastle-under-Lyme. SANDY-GATE, a hmlt. in the tnshp. of Upper Hallam, West Riding co. York, 3 miles S.W. of Sheffield. SANDY ISLAND, a sandbank in the North Sea, 1 mile W. of Heligoland. SANDYLANDS, a hmlt. in the tnshp. of Cartington, par. of Rothbury, co. Northumberland, 2 miles N.W. of Rothbury. SANDY LANE HEAD, a hmlt. in the par. of Drayton-in-Hales, co. Stafford, near Drayton. 8ANDYMOUNT, a post-office vil. in the par. of St. Mary, Donnybrook, co. of the city of Dublin, prov. of Leinster, Ireland, 2 miles S.E. of Dublin. It is situated on the S. side of Dublin Bay, and is a suburb. There are a parish school, library, savings-bank, and a branch establishment of the Sisters of Charity, with its chapel. SANDY- VALE, a suburb of Ashton-under-Lyne, hund. of Salford, co. Lancaster. It contains Hoyle's print and dye works. 8ANKEY, GREAT, a chplry. in the par. of Prescot, co. Lancaster, 2J miles S.W. of Warrington, its post town, and 7J N.E. of Prescot. It has a station at Sankey Bridges, on the Grand Junction railway. The village 'is situated on Sankey Brook, and on the old Manchester and Liverpool turnpike road. The railway viaduct crosses the Sankey canal near this place. The latter was con- itructed in the years 1755-68, being the first canal made in England. It is 10 miles in length, and has 10 locks, rith a fall of 78 feet from St. Helen's, where it com- mences, to the Mersey, from which place it was length- ened 3 miles to Runcorn Gap. The living is a perpet. cur. m the dioc. of Chester, val. .103. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is an ancient structure, with a tower containing a clock and one bell. The parochial charities produce about 3 per annum. There is a day school for both sexes, in which a Sunday-school is also held. Lord Lilford is lord of the manor. SANKEY, LITTLE, a parcel in the tnshp. of War- rington, hund. of West Derby, co. Lancaster, 3 miles N.W. of Warrington. SANQUHAR, a par. and royal borough, having sepa- rate jurisdiction, but locally situate in the district of Nithsdalo, co. Dumfries, Scotland. It contains, besides the borough of its own name, the vils. of Crawickmill, Crawickbridge, Windyedge, and Wanlockhead. It ex- tends in length about 18 miles from N.E. to S.W., with an extreme breadth of about 9 miles, and is bounded by the parishes of Kirkconnel, Durisdeer, and Penpont, and by the counties of Ayr and Lanark. The surface is of a hilly and rugged nature, especially that lofty tract which is known by the name of the Lowthers, or Lothiers, rising with gradual slope from the S. to the elevation of 3,130 feet, and at Blacklarg Hill to 2,890 feet. These hills, though bleak and barren in the exterior, are rich in mineral wealth, and are pastured by vast flocks of sheep. In a S.W. direction the Vale of Nith crosses the parish, dividing it almost into two equal por- tions, and is subject to inundations. In other parts the parish is watered by the Euchan, Crawick, and several other trout streams. The land in the river valleys is tolerably early and productive, but along the foot of the hills the soil is partly moss and partly clay, affording only a scanty crop. Sanquhar is the principal coal mart in this part of the country, and large quantities are supplied to Dumfries and other towns. The coal- field, which extends into the adjoining parish of Kirk- connel, is 7 miles in length by 2J in breadth, and the veins are from 3 to 4 feet 6 inches in thickness. At the eastern extremity of the parish, about 9 miles from the town of Sanquhar, are the lead mines of Wimlockhead, The parish is traversed along the vale of the Nith by the road from Glasgow to Dumfries, as also by the Glasgow and South- Western railway. The town of Sanquhar is about 13 miles N.W. of Thorahill, and 56 S.W. of Edin- burgh, and is a station on the Glasgow and South- western railway. It is situated on the river Nith, and was created into a burgh of barony in 1484, and assumed the dignity of a royal burgh by charter from James VI. in 1596. Its government is invested in a provost, three bailies, a dean of guild, treasurer, and eleven councillors, It is contributory to Dumfries in returning one member to parliament. Tha town consists principally of one long street, irregularly built. The townhall, which stands at the end of the street, has a tower and clock. It was erected at the expense of the last Duke of Queens- berry, by whom a considerable sum has been expended on the improvement of the town. There are two banks, one a branch of the British Linen Company, and one of the Western Bank of Scotland; also a savings-bank and a mechanics' institute. It has long been famous for its woollen manufactures, and from the looms in the town 20,000 yards of tartan cloth are produced annually. There are also many persons employed in cotton weav- ing and in embroidering muslins for tho Glasgow manu- facturers. In the town is an extensive spade and shovel manufactory ; and at the village of Crawickmill, about half a mile N.W. of the town, is an extensive carpet manufactory employing many hands. On a steep decli- vity overlooking the river Nith, and at a short distance from the town, are the ruins of Sanquhar Castle, once a quadrangular building of immense strength, with towers at the angles. It was formerly surrounded by a moat, over which was a drawbridge, and was occupied by the Rosses and Crichtons, who were heritable sheriffs of Niths-Dale, but was purchased by the Douglases of Drumlanrig in 1630, in which great family the castle and barony still remain, being the property of tho Dukes of Queensberry. A moat-hill, with the ruins of a hos- pital, is to be seen near the castle. The hills, which are partly green, and partly covered with heath, are productive of grouse and other game. The parish is in the presb. of Penpont and synod of Dumfries. The parish church, which has a square tower, was rebuilt on the site of an ancient structure at the end of the maia