Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/46

NEWHAVEN. 34 NEWINGTON. being -within -the jurisdiction of the city and burgh of Edinburgh. It gave title of viscount to the Cheynes of Cogengo. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in the fisheries. Between Newhaven and Leith are the exten- sive barracks of the royal artillery ; and to the westward is Trinity, so called from the land on which it stands being the property of the Trinity House. It contains commo- dious baths, resorted to by numerous visitors in the season ; and manv villas and dwellings have recently been erected. The living is in the presb. of Edinburgh and synod of Lothian and Tweeddale, and in the patron, of the trustees and seatholders. The church was rebuilt in 1838. There are also a Free church and several schools. NEWHAVEN, or MEECHING, a par. and seaport town in the hund. of Holmstrow, rape of Lewes, co. Sussex, 6 1 miles S. of Lewes, its post town, 8J E. of Brighton, and 58 S. of London. It has a branch lino from the London, Brighton, and South Coast railway, and is the port of departure for the Brighton Steam Packet Company's steamers, which ply twice a day in connection with the London, Brighton, and South Coast, and Paris, Kouen, and Dieppe trains, being the most direct route to Paris. It is situated on the Channel, near the mouth of the river Ouse, over which is a drawbridge constructed in 1784, leading towards Seaford, in lieu of the ferry. It is a bonding port, watering-place, and preventive station, and was formerly a market town. In 1848 Louis Philippe landed here in his flight from Paris. The town of Newhaven was formerly called Mecching, but took its present appella- tion in 1713 on the formation of the harbour, when also the river was made to enter the sea in a direct line. It is one of the best tidal harbours in the Channel between the Downs and the Isle of "Wight, and the bay forms one of the finest roadsteads on the southern coast. In the early part of the 18th century it had a thriving com- merce, which afterwards declined, chiefly owing to the decay of the old wooden piers that protected the har- bour, but during the last forty years it has considerably improved, and has now a brisk passenger traffic to the Continent, and an extensive coasting trade, chiefly in coals, corn, timber, and flints for the Staffordshire pot- teries. There is also an extensive goods traffic in wines, spirits, silk, and French goods. The custom-house is situated at the railway quay, from whence the steam packets ply twice daily (Sunday excepted) to Dieppe. The number of passengers in 1861 reached 41,000. Steamers also ply to and from Jersey and St. Halo three times a week. The harbour of Newhaven is constructed of wooden piers 600 to 750 feet in length, and 106 feet apart, and has a deptli of water inside the bar of from 2 to 22 feet, in accordance with the tide. There are two fixed lights, 17 and 28 feet in height, visible 7 and 8 miles respectively. The fortifications at the W. side consist of two batteries, one of 4 and the other of 6 guns, connected with those of Seaford Bay, which defend the low coast from Brighton to Eastbourne. The town, which is about half a mile distant from the sea, is small, containing in 1SG1 a population of 1,814. The streets are neat and clean, and many of the houses modern. It contains a large brewery, celebrated for its tipper ale, also two extensive ship-building yards, employing a large number of the inhabitants, and along the quay are eom- modious bonding warehouses. In the neighbourhood the cliffs which guard the coast are 200 feet high, and on Castle Hill is a circular fortification of great extent. The land is divided between arable, pasture, and meadow, and is in high cultivation. The tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of 205, besides 89 paid to the impropriator. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Chi- chester, val. 186. The church, dedicated to St. Michael, has a square embattled tower, crowned with a shingled spire. The church was thoroughly restored and enlarged in 1854. The churchyard contains a monument to the Srazen's crew, wrecked here in 1800. There is a National school for boys, and an endowed school for girls. Tlio Independents have a place of worship. The Earl of Sheffield is lord of the manor. An annual fair is held on the 16th October for pedlery. NEWHAVEN, a hmlt. in the par. of Parkham, eo. Devon, 6 miles S.W. of Bideford. NEW HEY, a hmlt. in the par. of Prestwick-cum- Oldham, co. Lancaster, near Rochdale. It is a station on the Oldham and Rochdale branch of the Lancashire and Yorkshire railway. It is situated between the rivers Irk and Mcdlock. NEWHILLS, a par. in the co. of Aberdeen, Scotland, 3 miles N.W. of Aberdeen. It extends about 6 miles in length from S.E. to N.W., with an extreme breadth of about 5 miles. It is bounded by the pars, of Dyce, Old Blachar, Banchory-Devenick, Peterculter, Skem, and Kinnellar. The surface is chiefly of a hilly nature, except in the north-eastern district, where it is level, and very productive. It is situated on the river Don, and formed part of St. Machar till 1663. The parish is tra- versed by the roads from Aberdeen to Inverury and Strathdon, and in the N.E. by the Great North of Scot- land railway, which has a station at Buxburn. In the vicinity are traces of Druidical circles, cairns, tumuli, &c. In the village are woollen, paper, snuff, and grain mills. The blue granite quarries employ a large number of the inhabitants. This par. is in the presb. and synod of Aberdeen. The minister has a stipend of 414. The parish church is a spacious structure, erected in 1830. There are a Free church, parochial school, and two other schools. The neighbourhood is studded with several residences, among which Springhill and Hazelhead are the principal. Fairs for cattle are held on the first Thursday in February, third Wednesday in Hay, fourth Thursday in August, Wednesday following the first Tuesday in September, and the fourth Wednesday in October. NEWHOLM-CUM-DUNSLEY, a tnshp. in the par. of Whitby, lib. of Whitby-Strand, North Riding co. York, 2 miles W. of Whitby. It is situated near tho coast. The Wesleyans have a small place of worship. NEWHOUSE, a vil. in the par. of St. Ninian, co. Stirling, Scotland. It adjoins the N. end of St. Ninian's village. There are also numerous private residences of this name in all parts of England. NEWHOUSESIILL, a hmlt. in the par. of East Kil- bride, Middle ward, co. Lanark, Scotland, 4 miles N.W. of Hamilton. NEWHOTJSES, a hmlt. in the tnshp. of Hunder- thwaite, par. of Romald-Kirk, North Riding co. York, 5 miles N.W. of Barnard Castle. It is situated near the river Tees. NEWICK, a par. in the hund. of Barcombe, rape of Lewes, co. Sussex, 4J miles W. of Uckfield, its railway station and post town, and 6 N. of Lewes. Tho village, which is chiefly agricultural, is situated on the road from Maresfield to Cuckfield, and near the river Ouse, which bounds the parish on -the E. Tho surface id diversified with hill and dale. The land is partlv in hop-grounds. The soil consists of strong clay, and iron- stone and sandstone are found in abundance. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of 390, and the glebe comprises 25 acres. The living is a reel.* in tho dioc. of Chichester, val. 327. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is an ancient stone structure with a low square embattled tower containing three bells. The N. aisle was added in 1834. There is a National school for boys, also a school for girls, founded in 1771 by G. V. Vernon and his wife, who endowed it with a rent-charge of .30. The principal residences are Nowick Park, formerly the seat of the Vernon family, and Beechlands. Mrs. Lane is lady of tho manor. NEWINGTON, a par. in the hund. of Ewelme, co. Oxford, 4J miles N. of Wallingford, its post town, and 9 S.E. of Oxford. The village, which is of small extent, is situated on the eastern bank of the river Thames, and is wholly agricultural. The par. comprises the lib. of Berrick Prior, and the tythgs. of Brookhampton and Holcomh. The land is divided between arable and pas- ture in nearly equal proportions, with about 30 acres of woodland. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment under an Enclosure Act in 1810. The living is a rcct.* with the cur. of Britwell-Priors an-