Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/518

SOWERBY. 506 SPALDING. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in the collieries and 'in ribbon weaving. This parish is also known by the name of Walsgrave-upon-Sow, its original name. The living is a vie., annexed to that of Stoke, in the dioc. of ' Worcester. The church is dedicated to St. Mary. There are National and infant schools. The Indepen- dents and General and Particular Baptists have chapels. There is a new parochial school at Hawkesbury-Sow. The Earl of Craven is lord of the manor. SOWEKBY, a hmlt. in the par. of St. Michael-on- Wyre, hand, of Amounderness, co. Lancaster, 5 miles N.E. of Kirkhave. It is in conjunction with Inskip. SOWERBY, a chplry. in the par. of Thirsk, wap. of Birdforth, North Riding co. York, 1 mile S. of Thirsk, of which it is a suburb. The village, which is extensive, is situated on a branch of the river Swale, near the Great North of England railway. The living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of York, val. 310, in the patron, of the archbishop. The church is a cruciform structure with a square tower containing three bells. The parochial charities produce about 5 per annum. There is a National school for both sexes. SOWERBY, a tnshp. in the par. of Halifax, wap. of Morley, West Riding co. York, 3 miles S. W. of Halifax, its post town, and 9J N.W. of Huddersfield. , The vil- lage, which is extensive, is situated on the river Calder. The par. contains part of the vils. of Sowerby Bridge and Mytholmroyd. Many of the inhabitants are em- ployed in the cotton and woollen mills, foundries, and stone quarries. There is a large portion of moorland, and the substratum is pj-oductive of coal. Several Roman coins were discovered here in 1678. The living is a perpet. cur.* in the dioc. of Ripon, val. 160, in the patron, of the Vicar of Halifax. The church, dedicated to St. Peter, has a square tower containing eight bells. The interior of the church contains a statue of Arch- bishop Tillotson, who was born here in 1630, and died 1694, also a tablet to ten soldiers who fell in the Cri- mean war. In addition to the parish church are the following district churches, viz., St. Mary's, St. George's, Sowerby-bridge, and Stainland, the livings of which are all perpet. curs., varying in val. from 230 to 150. The parochial charities produce about 127, of which 16 go to Bairstow's school, and 10 to Horton's alms- houses. There is a National school for both sexes, also places of worship for Dissenters. Lead-stone Rock, formerly a very perfect Druidical remain, with an altar and seat round it, was broken up in 1830, and used in building a church. SOWERBY-BRIDGE, a chplry. in the par. of Ha- lifax, wap. of Morley, West Riding co. York, 1J mile S.W. of Halifax, of which it is an extensive suburb. It includes the tnshps. of Norland, Skircoat, Sowerby, and Warley. See SOWERBY and HALIFAX. SOWERBY, BROUGH. See BBOUOH-SowWBY, co. Westmoreland. SOWERBY CASTLE. See CASTLE-SOWERBY, co. Cumberland. SOWERBY TEMPLE. See TEMPLE-SOWERBY, co. Westmoreland. SOWERBY-TJNDER-COTCLIFFE, a tnshp. in the par. of Sigston Kirby, wap. of Allertonshire, North Riding co. York, 3 miles E. of Northallerton. SOWLEY, a small lake in the co. of Hants, 3 miles E. of Lymington. SOWTON, a par. in the hunds. of Wonford and East Budleigh, co. Devon, 3J miles E. of Exeter, its post town. The village, which is of small extent, is situated on the Great Western road from London to Exeter, and on the Clyst, a branch of the river Exe. The par. includes the hmlt. of Clist-Satehfield. The soil is of a sandy nature, with a subsoil of gravel. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Exeter, val. 216, in the patron, of the bishop. The church, dedicated to St. Michael, has a tower containing a peal of eight bells, also several stained windows. The parochial charities produce about 10 per annum. There is a National school for both sexes, in which a Sunday-school is also held. John Garratt, Esq., is lord of the manor. SOYLAND, a tnshp. in the par. of Halifax, wap. of Morley, West Riding co. York, 4 miles S.W. of Hali- fax, its post town. The mountain ridge of Blackstone Edge separates this place from Lancashire. The tnshp. is extensive, and contains the vils. of Ripponden and Soyland, besides several scattered hmlts. A large por- tion of the inhabitants are employed in the cotton and woollen mills. There is a mineral spring called the Swift Cross Spa. [See HALIFAX.] SPA, a hmlt. and watering-place in the pars, of Bal- lynahaglish and Clogherbrien, bar. of Trughanaemy, co. Kerry, prov. of Munster, Ireland, 2J miles W.N.W. of Tralee. SPACEY HOUSES, a hmlt. in the tnshp. of Folli- foot and Kirkby Overblow, West Riding co. York, 5 miles N.W. of Wetherby. 8PALDING, a par., seaport, and market town in the wap. of Elloe, parts of Holland, co. Lincoln, 16 miles from Boston, of which it is a subport, 40 S.E. of Lincoln, and 95 N. of London, by rail. It is a station on the Great Northern railway. This place is situated in a level district, formerly fen, but now well drained into the river Welland and the Nene. The par., which is of large extent, includes the chplry. of Wykeham, the hmlts. of Winsover, Fulney, and the extensive level called Spalding Common. The town, which takes its name from a spa or spring of chalybeate water in the market place, is evenly divided by the river Welland, which is crossed by five bridges, the Highbridge, rebuilt in 1838, being for vehicles, two for foot pas- sengers, and two railway bridges. Spalding was a place of considerable importance in the Saxon times, being the capital of the extensive district called Parts of Holland, which belonged to Earl Morcar, and at the Norman conquest was given by William I. to his nephew Ivo Tailbois, who had a castle at Coney Garth. Thorold de Brokenhall founded a Benedictine house here as a cell to Angiers Abbey, but which subsequently came to be a mitred priory to Croyland Abbey. There are still some remains of the out-buildings, which have been converted into dwelling-houses. Abbot Egelric formed the Elrick-road to Market-Deeping through Arundel Forest, then a marsh. In the reign of Edward III. the town returned members to the parliament which was held in the eleventh year of that sovereign, hut it was never afterwards summoned, and the privilege conse- quently lapsed. It is a prosperous and trading place, being the port for Stamford, Market -Deeping, and Croyland ; and, since the Welland has been deepened, vessels of 100 tons come up to the quays. The streets are clean, well paved, and lighted with gas ; the houses are well built and abundantly supplied with good water from works situated in the Pinchbeck-road, which were csmmenced under an Act of Parliament in 1860. It has a market place and several public buildings, as the corn exchange, with an illuminated clock, erected in 1856, at the cost of 3,000, in lieu of the old town- hall or court-house, built in 1620 by Hobson; the sessions house, in the Sheep-market, erected in 1840 at a cost of 6,000, with the gaol and house of correc- tion for the Parts of Holland, which cost 1,500, ad- joining; also the police station, erected in 1851 at a cost of about 900. Other buildings are the butter- market, erected in 1857, a small theatre, assembly rooms, union poorhouse, savings-hank, three commercial branch hanks, and mechanics' institute, established in 1845, under the patronage of the Earl of Yarborough. An extensive trade is carried on in corn, meat, flour, timber, wool, oil cake, and agricultural produce of all kinds, including fruit and vegetables, which are sent in large quantities by the Great Northern railway to London. There are also lime kilns, steam saw and flour mills, breweries, mailings, coach builders, tile works, brick- fields, and several windmills for grinding corn. The town is not incorporated, but is governed under a recent Act by 15 commissioners, who are expected to carry out great improvements. The population of the parish in 1851 was 8,829, and of the town 7,627, but which in 1861 had decreased to 8,723 and 7,032 respectively. One weekly