Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/570

STONEHENGE. 558 6TONE-NEAR-DARTFORD. Earl Marischal, was attainted of high treason for aiding the Pretender. The scenery is very fine, and Stone- haven has become a fashionable watering place in summer. The air is very salubrious. Market day is Thursday. Fairs are held on the Thursday before Candlemas, Thursday before Lammas, second Thursday in October, Thursday before Christmas (all old style), and on two fixed days in May and November. STONEHENGE, an assemblage of upright, hori- zontal, and prostrate stones, supposed to be the remains of a Druidical templo, on Salisbury Plain, co. Wilts, about 2 miles N.W. of Amesbury, and 9 N. of Salisbury. Its name is Saxon, and signifies " hanging stones." It consists of the remains of two ovals within two circles, the whole surrounded by a circular vallum, or bank of earth, 15 feet high and 1,010 round. The outer circle is 100 feet in diameter, and has 17 stones remaining of abont 30, measuring 20 feet by 7, and 3 feet thick, with several top stones still remaining in situ. The second circle is 9 feet within the first, and has but 8 stones remaining, besides fragments of 12 others ; inside this is the first oval, consisting of 10 stones, of which 8 still remain, measuring from 16 to 21 feet in height, with top stones across 16 feet long ; inside this is the inner oval, consisting of about 20 smaller stones, the largest 7J feet high, of which only 11 remain; and nearly in the centre is the altar-stone, consisting of a flat slab 15 feet long, and different in character from any of the other stones, being a grained calcareous sandstone, which strikes fire with steel, and contains some minute particles of silver mica. The outer stones, which weigh from 10 to 70 tons, are chiefly sandstone, of the kind found on the surface of the downs in the vicinity of Avebury and Marlborough ; but the stones of the inner circle are of various kinds not found in the neighbourhood, as fine-grained green- stone, black horneblende, quartz, felspar, and chlorite. Scattered over the plain are about 300 tumuli, or barrows, some of which have been opened, and found to contain charred human bones, with fragments of pottery and British and Homan ornaments and weapons ; while within the enclosure, at the foot of the altar, have been found, on excavation, horns of stags, oxen, and other animals, intermixed with burnt wood and fragments of Roman and coarse British pottery. STOREHOUSE, a par. and post town in the hund. of Lower Whitstone, co. Gloucester, 3 miles W. of Stroud, and 9 from Gloucester. It is a station on the Great Western Union railway. It is situated on the Stroudwater canal, and comprehends the hmlts. of Ebley and Hawardsfield, and part of the chplry. of Cain's Cross. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in the manufacture of woollen goods. The soil is fertile, on a substratum of oolite. The principal residence is Stonehouae Court. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Gloucester and Bristol, val. 510, in the patron, of the Crown. The church, dedicated to St. Cyril, has a tower and six bells. It has a stained window, and has been rebuilt, with the exception of its tower. There is also a district church at Cain's Cross, the living of which is a perpet. cur. This latter was built in 1836. The paro- chial charities produce about 51 per annum, of which 47 go towards the support of the schools. There are National and British schools for both sexes. The In- dependents have a chapel. N. S. Marling, Esq., is lord of the manor and sole landowner. Fairs for cattle and pleasure are held on 1st May and llth October. STONEHOUSE, a par. in the district of the Middle Ward, co. Lanark, Scotland. It contains the vil. of Sandford. It extends in length about 6 miles from N.E. to S.W., with an average breadth of 3 miles, and is bounded by the pars, of Hamilton, Dalserf, Lesma- hago, Avondale, and Glassford. The surface is mode- rately even, and the laud chiefly arable. The soil is fertile, being chiefly a light loam, with clay near the rivers. Its south-western boundary is traversed by the Kype stream, which here joins the river Avon ; and the upper part of the north-eastern boundary is traversed by the Gander water, which also joins the river Avon. On the banks of the Avon, which flows through the centre of the parish, is a sulphureous spring, designated Kittymuire Well. The underlying rocks are principally of the carboniferous formation, with protuberances of trap. Coal, limestone, sandstone, and freestone abound, and are extensively worked. The parish is traversed by the new road fiom Edinburgh to Ayr, and is within easy access of the Lesmahago railway. The town is about 7 miles S.E. of Hamilton, 6J N.W. of Lanark, and 4 N.E. of Strath-Avon. It is situated on the river Avon and on the Edinburgh and Ayr road. It consists of one principal street, nearly a mile in length, with two others of modern date. Many of the inhabitants are employed in the linen manufacture. This par. is in the presb. of Hamilton and synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The stipend of the minister is about 250. The parish church was rebuilt in 1772. There are a Free church and an United Presbyterian church. There are three non-parochial schools. In the vicinity are traces of Coat castle and Ringsdale castle. Fairs are held on the last Wednesday in May, on the third Wednesday of July, and on the last Wednesday in November. STONEHOUSE, EAST, a par. in the borough of Devonport, co. Devon. The three towns of Stonehouse, Plymouth, and Devonport are connected by means of a bridge across Stonehouse creek, and form one extensive seaport and dockyard. Set articles DEVONPOKT and PLYMOUTH, of which Stonehouae may be considered a suburb. The living is a perpet. cur.* in the dioc. of Exeter, val. 197, in the patron, of the Vicar of St. Andrew's, Plymouth. There is also the district church of St. Paul's. STONE HOUSES, a hmlt. in the tnshp. of Pent- robbin, co. Flint, 1 mile S.E. of Mold. STONELANDS, a extensive par. place in the hund. of Bampton, co. Oxford, 2 miles S.E. of Burford. STONELANDS, a demesne in the par. of Withyham, hund. of Hartfield, rape of Pevensey, co. Sussex. It formerly belonged to the Sackvilles, but now forms part of Buckhurst Park, the seat of Earl De la Warr. STONELEIGH, a par. in the Kenilworth div. of Knightlow hund., co. Warwick, 2 miles E. of Kenil- worth, its post town, and 5 N.E. of .Warwick. It is situated on the river Avon where the Sow joins, near the Roman Fosseway. The par., which is extensive, includes Cryfield, Westwood, and six other hmlts. The manor was held in demesne by Edward the Confessor, and afterwards by William I. The village, which is now inconsiderable, was formerly a market town, and has a gate, crypt, &c., of the Cistercian Abbey, brought from Radmore, in 1154, by Henry II. At the Dissolu- tion, the revenues were valued at 151, and the site given by Henry VIII. to C. Brandon, Duke of Suffolk ; from him it passed to the Cavendyshes, and was finally bought by Sir Thomas Leigh, Lord Mayor of London in 1562. King Charles I. was entertained by Thomas, first Lord Leigh, August, 1G42, when the citizens of Coventry refused to open their gates to him. The modern mansion was built by Edward, third Lord Leigh, 1720. It contains a collection of paintings and portraits, by Dutch masters. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Worcester, val. 510. The church, dedi- cated to St. Mary, is an ancient structure. The interior contains an old font, and effigies of Alice, Duchess Dudley, and her daughter Alicia, on altar tombs of marble. There is also a district church at Westwood, the living of which is a perpet. cur., val 120. The parochial charities are very considerable. There is a National school for both sexes. Stoneleigh gives name to a deanery in the archdeaconry of Coventry and dioc. of Worcester. STONELEY, a hmlt. in the par. of Kimbolton, hund. of Leightonstone, co. Hunts, 9 miles S.W. of Hunting- don. It is situated near the river Kym, and has traces of an Austin friary, founded in 1181 by William do Mandeville. The principal seat is Stoneley Hall. STONE-NEAR-DARTFORD, a par. in the hund. of Axton, lathe of Sutton-at-Hone, co. Kent, 2 miles N.E. of Dartford, its post town, and 1 mile S.E. of Green-