Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/655

THORNE.YBURN. 643 THORNHAM MAGNA. on an eminence, and in 1861 had a population of 2,219. Extensive sanitary works have recently been effected by the Duke of Bedford, who has expended 400,000 on the drainage of the surrounding fen lands, which were until recently relieved of their superfluous waters by the uncertain help of windmills. The town is now well drained, and supplied with gas and water. There is a literary society with a good library. Petty sessions are held here. Upwards of 3,000 sheep are sent annually from this district to the London market. The living is a don. cur. in the dioe. of Peterborough, val. 250. The church, dedicated to St. Botolph, was ori- ginally the nave of the conventual church built about 1128, and was considerably enlarged in 1841, when the interior was refitted. The E. window is in 21 compart- ments. In the churchyard are several tombs of French refugees, who were invited to settle here in the 16th century by the Duke of Bedford, who employed them in the drainage of the fens. The register, which com- mences in 1650, is partly in French. There are schools and almshouses supported by the Duke of Bedford. Fairs are held annually on 1st July and 21st Sep- tember for horses and cattle, and on Whit-Monday for pleasure. THORNEYBTJRN, a par. in the N.W. div. of Tin- dale ward, co. Northumberland, 4 miles N.W. of Bel- lingham, its post town, and 24 N.W. of Hexham. It is an occasional station on the North British railway. The village is situated on Tarsetburn, in a mountainous district near the river North Tyne. The par., which includes (he hmlt. of West Tarset, is one of the five new parishes formed out of the parish of Timonburn in 1814. The surface is hilly, and the soil sandy in the low grounds, but loamy in the uplands. The land is chiefly in pasture, with a small proportion of woodland. There are a colliery and two limestone quarries. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Durham, val. 200, in the patron, of the governors of Greenwich Hospital. The church was erected in 1818, at the cost of 4,000, by the governors of Greenwich Hospital. The register dates from 1818. There is a Sunday-school. THORNEY-LANE, a hmlt. in the chplry. of New- borough, par. of Hanbury, co. Stafford, 3 miles E. of Abbots-Bromley. THORNEY, WEST, a par. and island in the hund. of Bosham, co. Sussex, 3 miles W. of Emsworth, its post town, and 8 S.W. of Chichester. This place, called also Thorney Island, is situated nearly in the centre of the great estuary termed Chichester Harbour, and is a coast- guard station. Its dimensions are about 3 miles in cir- cumference, comprising about 1,500 acres of rich arable, pasture, and meadow land. About a furlong to the S. is Pilsey Island, also within the parish, comprising about 18 acres, and the resort of almost every species of marine wild fowl that frequent the English Channel. The living is a rect. in the dioc. of Chichester, val. 240. The church is an ancient edifice with a Norman tower. The chancel is separated from the nave by an ancient screen and rood-loft. The interior was restored in 1839. The Saxon poet Caedmon was born here in 660. THORNFORD, a par. in the hund. of Sherborne, co. Dorset, 3 miles S.W. of Sherborne, its post town, and 4 S.E. of Yeovil. The road from Sherborne to Evershot passes through the parish, which is situated near the river Yeo. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Sarum, val. 200. The church is dedicated to St. Magdalen, and was formerly a chapel dependent on Sherborne Abbey. The Wesleyans have a chapel, and there is a National school. THORNGATE HILL, a hmlt. in the tnshp. of Hun- derthwaite, par. of Romald-kirk, North Riding co. York, 5 miles N.W. of Barnard Castle, on the river Tees. THORNGATE, LOWER, a hund., co. Hants, con- tains the pars, of Bossington, Broughton, East Dean, Lockerley, Mitchelmersh, Mottisfont, Sherfield English, East and West Tytherley, East Wellow, and part of Wi-st Dean, comprising an area of 27,000 acres. THORNGATE, UPPER, a hund. in the Andover div. of co. Hants, contains the pars, of Leckford, Longstock VOL. III. Stockbridge, and Over and Nether Wallop, comprising an area of 7,200 acres. THORNGRAFTON, a tnshp. in the par. of Halt- wistle, W. div. of Tindale ward., co Northumberland, 1 mile S. of Bardon-Mill railway station, and 5J miles N.E. of Haltwistle. The village is situated at the con- fluence of the rivers Allen and Tyne, and near the line of the Newcastle and Carlisle railway. The tnshp. in- cludes House Steads, the site of a Roman station, still marked by the foundations of houses, streets, baths, &c. ; and on Chapel Hill, a little to the S., are the remains of a Doric temple, with altars, inscriptions, and carved figures in relief. The soil chiefly consists of sand and lime, and there are sand and ironstone quarries, also three collieries. The Duke of Northumberland and Sir Edward Blackett are lords of the manor. THORN-GUMBOLD, a tnshp. and chplry. in the par. of Paul, S. div. of Holderness wap., East Riding co. York, 1J mile from Burstwick railway station, and 2 miles S.E. of Hedon station. The village is situated on the Hull and Patrington turnpike road. The soil con- sists of clay and sand. Market gardening is carried on. The living is a cur. annexed to the vie. of Paul, in the dioc. of York. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is an ancient structure with a tower, the latter erected in 1768. There is a village school for both sexes. The Indepen- dents and Wesleyans have chapels, and the latter a Sunday-school. Sir T. A. C. Constable is lord of the manor. THORNHAM, a par. in the hund. of Eyhorne, lathe of A-ylesford, co. Kent, 3 miles N.E. of Maidstone, its post town. The village is mentioned in Domesday Book as Turneham, and came from the Turnhama and Northwoods to the Derings of Surrenden. A vein of white sand, commercially known as Maidstone sand, and much "used in the manufacture of glass, was first worked in this parish. The pits are remarkable for their sub- terranean caverns, which are curiously arched. On the summit of a chalk hill a short distance from the church are the ruins of Godard's Castle, where urns and other antiquities have been discovered. It is said to have been of Roman origin, and the walls, which enclose an area of a quarter of an acre, are still 13 feet high by 3 thick. In the upper part of the parish the soil is chalky and light, but in the lower part it is of a richer nature. The living is a vie.* with the rect. of Allmg- ham annexed, in the dioc. of Canterbury, val. 3'J2. The church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, has been restored. The parochial charities produce about 15 per annum, realised from church estate.. The Wes- leyans have a chapel. THORNHAM, a tnshp. in the par. of Middleton, hund. of Sulford, co. Lancaster, 2 miles N.W. of Old- ham, and 3J S.W. of Rochdale. It is situated near the Manchester and Leeds railway. The tnshp. is the largest in the par. of Middleton, and contains some coal muu.Si THORNHAM, a par. in the hund. of Smithdon, co. Norfolk, 20 miles N.E. of Lynn, its post town, and 6 N.W. of Burnham-Market. The village, which is ex- tensive, is situated near the sea-coast, on the road from Lynn to Wells, and about half a mile to the N. is a Staith sufficiently large for ships of 100 tons burthen. The soil consists partly of loam, with a subsoil of brick earth and chalk. Along the shore is a tract of salt marsh, which was once a forest, as appears from the stumps of trees and horns of stags frequently found in it. The living is a vie.* with that of Holmo-next-the- Sea annexed, in the dioc. of Norwich, val. 428, in the patron, of the bishop. The church is dedicated to All Saints. The parochial charities produce about 42 per annum, besides a small sum realised from 8 acres of land, which go towards church repair. There is a Church of England school for both sexes, built by Wil- liam Hagge, Esq., in 1858, and a Sunday-school, which is held at the church. This parish has the privilege of sending four children to the free school at Brancaster. The Wesleyans and Primitive Methodists have chapels. William Hagge, Esq., is lord of the manor. THORNHAM MAGNA, a par. in the hund. of Har- 4 o