Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/719

TYNLAN. 707 TYRONE. livings of all which are perpet. curs., val. about 200 each. The church, or chapel-of-ease situated in the village of Tynemouth, is modern. The Wesleyans have a chapel, and there is an infant school. The Poor-law Union of Tynemouth comprises 25 parishes or town- TYNLAN, a tnshp. in the par. of Llandegley, hund. of Cefnllys, co. Radnor, 5 miles N.W. of New Radnor. T YNLON, a vil. in the par. of Banger, co. Carnarvon, near Bangor. TYNNINGHAM, a par., co. Haddington, Scotland, 2 miles N.E. of Linton, and 6 N.W. of Dunhar. The village, which is old, is situated on the river Tyne, near Whiberry Head, and is celebrated for its richly wooded grounds, planted in the commencement of the 18th century by the Earl of Haddington. The principal seat is Tynningham House. There are still some ruins of the old church built on the site of St. "Baldrid's church, founded in the 6th century, which belonged to the Bishop of St. Andrew's, and had the privilege of a sanctuary. Tynningham Flats is a sandbank at the liver's mouth. TYNREFAL, a hmlt. in the par. of Aberdaron, co. Carnarvon, 13 miles S.W. of Pwllheli. TYNRON, a par. in the district of Nithsdale, co. Dumfries, Scotland. It extends in length 9J miles from S.E. to N.W., with an extreme breadth of 3j miles, and is bounded on the W. by Kirkcudbrightshire, and on the other sides by the pars, of Penpont, Keir, and Glen- cairn. The surface is hilly, its greatest altitudes being Lamgarrock and Coremilligan hills, which rise 1,800 feet above sea-level. The soil is generally sandy, and the predominant rock graywacke, but clay slate also exists and was formerly worked. The Doon of Tynron, a pyramidal hill, towering up on the peninsula formed by the rivers Skarr and Shinnel, forms a striking feature in the landscape, and has on its summit traces of a fort. The village of Tynron-Kirk, vhich is about 2 miles N. of Minniehive and 3 from Penpont, is situated on the rivers Shinnel and Skarr, and on the Hinniehive road. This par. is in the presb. of Penpont and synod of Dumfries. The stipend of the minister is about 234. The parish church was erected in 1837. There is a parochial school. TYNYFORDD, a vil. in the par. of Llanybythir, co. Carmarthen, 4 miles S.W. of Lampeter. TYREE. See TIREE, co. Argyle. TYREE AND COLL, an united par. in the Argyle- shire Hebrides, coast of Scotland. See COLL. TYRELLA, a par. and post-town in the bar. of Lecale, co. Down, prov. of Ulster, Ireland, 5 milea S.S. W. of Downpatrick, and 91 from Dublin. The surface consists of a good soil. The parish is bounded on the S. by Dundrum Bay, and contains the Cow and Calf Rock. The living is a rect. in the dioc. of Down, val. 124, in the patron, of the crown. There are two Roman Catholic chapels, a public, two private, and one Sunday school. The chief residence is Tyrella House. There is a curious cave, discovered in 1832, constructed of uncemented stones, over which are a number of flag- stones. TYRESCOB, a hmlt. in the par. of Llandilo-fawr, CO. Carmarthen, near Llandilo-fawr, on the river Towry. TYRICOED, a tnshp. in the par. of Kiunerley, co. Salop, 10 milea N.W. of Shrewsbury. TYRIE, a par. in the district of Buchan, co. Aber- deen, Scotland. It comprises the quoad sacra par. of New Pitsligo. It extends in length about 7J miles, with an extreme breadth of 3J miles, and is bounded on the N. by Aberdour and Pitsligo, on the N.E. by Fraserburgh, on the E. by Rathen and the detached districts of Aberdour and Fraserburgh. The surface is diversified with hill and dale, and there are several mineral springs. A large portion of the land has been reclaimed, and is now in a good state of cultivation. The predominant rock is granite. The village, which is about 3 miles S.E. of Aberdour, is situated on the Gonor and Tyree rivers, and is traversed by the roads from Fraserburgh to Turriff, and from Peterhejd to VOL. III. Banff. Many of the inhabitants are employed in wear- ing. This par. is in the presb. of Deer and the synodT>f Aberdeen. The stipend of the minister is about 158. The parish church was erected about 1800, near the site of one built in 1004 by the Thane of Buchan. TYRLEY. See BLOOSB-IN-TYKLEY, co. Stafford. TYRONE, an inland co., prov. of Ulster, Ireland, is bounded N. by Londonderry, E. by Lough Neagh and Armagh county, S. by Monaghan and Fermanagh ;. and W. by Fermanagh and Donegal. It lies between 54 19' and 54" 57' N. lat, 6 35' and 7 56' W. long. Its greatest length from E. to W. is 60 miles, and from N. to S. 46 miles. The area, which includes a portion of Lough Neagh, is 1,260 square miles, or 806,640 acres, of which 450,826 acres are arable, 311,867 acres are un- cultivated, 11,981 acres under plantations, 710 acres in towns, and 31,796 acres under water. The population in 1841 was 312,956, in 1851 it was 255,734, and in 1861 it was 238,500. The number of inhabited houses in 1861 was 44,577; of uninhabited, 1,842; and 70 were in course of building. The Poor Law valuation in 1851 was 366,010, and the general valuation in 1861 was 419,023. The number of persons from this county who emigrated from Irish ports, with the expressed in- tention of not returning, between May, 1851, and December, 1865, was 52,221, or 20 per cent, of the population at the former date. The county seems to have been originally peopled by the Scoti, who occupied most of the inland regions, and afterwards formed the kingdom of Cineal JSoyham or Tyr-ocn, now written Tyrone. From the earliest times it was the chief seat of the family of O'Neill, many of whom ruled over the entire island. O'Neill assisted Roderick O'Connor in his attempt to drive the English from Dublin ; his suc- cessor, however, attended the court and acknowledged the authority of King John. The O'Neills assisted Edward Bruce in his attempt to conquer Ireland, but were faithful to Richard II. when he landed in the country. They received the title of Earl of Tyrone from Henry VIII. During Elizabeth's reign they revolted in consequence of alleged grievances, and joined a league of the northern chieftains against the English. They seized and occupied nearly the entire of Ulster, defeated Sir II. Bagnall, the English marshal, at Dungannon, and resisted and baffled the Earl of Essex. Lord Deputy Mountjoy, who succeeded him, compelled them to submit ; and in the reign of James I., when the English and Scotch settlements in Ulster took place, Tyrone was divided into districts and given to " undertakers," who undertook to form settlements or colonies. This gave a considerable impulse to progress, but the county was actively concerned in the disturb- ances succeeding 1641, which checked the spirit of im- provement. Dungannon was seized by Phelim O'Neill, who, in 1646, defeated the English and Scots at Ben- burb, cutting off 3,000 men, and thus established his temporary supremacy in Ulster, which, however, Crom- well quietly put an end to in 1649. In the war of the Revolution, the army of James fell back upon Strabane after raising the siege of Londonderry. The surface is % for the most part hilly, rising to the N. into the moun- tain-ranges of Donegal and Londonderry, and to the S. into those of Monaghan, Cavan, and Fermanagh. The county lying between these principal chains is to a great extent moorland, diversified by the hills and mountains which rise, now in isolated peaks, and now in groups, to elevations varying from 1,000 to 2,200 feet, while between them rich valleys are occasionally met. This district is flanked by the plain of Lough Neagh gradually sloping towards the E. to the borders of the lake, and S. to the Blackwater, which drains this part of the county, the N. of this plain being watered by the Ballinderry, which, after a course of 26 miles, falls into Lough Neagh. The Blackwater, 46 miles in length, is navigable from the Lough to Charlemont, a distance of 8 miles, and is there joined by the Ulster canal. The Tyrone canal also, 5 miles long, connects this river with the collieries at Coalisland. The north-western districts belong to the basin of the Foyle, and aro drained by it 4 Y