Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/813

WHITECHURCH. 801 WHITEHAVEN. are ruins of Kilcleran and Killonery churches ; and a dispensary and several schools. WHITECHURCH, or EGLWYS-WEN, a par. in the hund. of Kemess, co. Pembroke, 6 miles S.W. of Cardigan. The surface is hilly, but the soil fertile, upon a substratum of limestone. The living is a rect. in the dice, of St. David's, val. 120. The church is dedicated to St. Michael. WHITECHURCH, or TEMPLEGALL, a par. partly in the bars, of Fermoy and East Muskerry, co. Cork, but chiefly in the co. of the city of Cork, prov. of Munster, Ireland, 5 miles N.W. of Cork. The parish is situated on the road from Cork to Limerick. The land is generally cold, and the soil light, resting on a sub- stratum of clay slate, but has been recently much im- proved by drainage and the application of manure. The land is chiefly under tillage, but there are some large dairy farms. On the western boundary of the parish are the Monard iron-works, an extensive manu- factory for agricultural implements, and a dye-wood mill worked by a stream. The living is a vie. in the dioc. of Cloyne, val. 700, in the patron, of the bishop. The church was rebuilt in 1800. There is a Roman Catholic chapel included in the union or district of Garrycloyne, or Blarney, and near the chapel is a tower, erected in 1834, in imitation of the ancient round towers of Ire- land. There are parochial, private, and Sunday schools. WHITECHURCH, a par. in the bars, of Bantry and Shelburne, co. Wexford, prov. of Leinster, Ireland, 4 miles S.W. of New Ross. It is situated on the Ross or Barrow river, under Slievekieltre Hill, a lofty emi- nence, partly in this parish, where the insurgents, under the Rev. Philip Roche, encamped in 1798, and succeeded in destroying a gun brig lying off Pilltown. The land is chiefly under tillage, and the system of agriculture has in particular instances been brought to a high state of perfection. The living is a rect. and vie. in the dioc. of Ferns, united to that of Kilmokea, constituting the corps of the Prebend of Whitechurch in the cathedral of Ferns. WHITECHURCHGLYNN, a par. in the bars, of Bantry and West Shelmaliere, co. Wexford, Ireland, 4 miles N.E. of Tagmon. The parish lies near the river Slaney. The living is a cur. in the dioc. of Ferns, annexed to Killurin. The church is in ruins. WHITE CLIFT, a hmlt. in the par. of Monk's Ris- borough, co. Bucks. WHITE CRAGG, a hmlt. in the par. of Fewston, West Riding co. York, 5 miles N. of Otley, on the river Washburn. WHITE CROSS, a hmlt in the par. of Elmley, West Riding co. York, 8 miles N. of Huddersfield. WHITE CROSS, a hmlt. in the par. of Upper Fews, co. Armagh, Ireland, 4 miles N^E. of Newtown Hamilton. WHITE FAUGH, a hmlt. in the par. of Carrington, co. Edinburgh, Scotland, 3 miles S. of Lasswade. WHITEFIELD, a hmlt. in the par. of Deerhurst, co. Gloucester, 3 miles S.W. of Tewkesbury. It is joined with Apperley to form a township. WHITEFIELD, a hmlt. in the tnshp. of Pilkington, par. of Prestwich-cum-Oldham, co. Lancaster, 2 miles S.E. of Bury, and 6 N.W. of Manchester. WHITEFIELD, EAST and WEST, tythgs. in the par. of Wiveliscombe, co. Somerset, 1 mile N. of Wive- liscombe. WHITEGATE, or NEWCHURCH, a par. in the first div. of Eddisbury hund., co. Chester, 4 miles S.W. of Norlhwich, its post town, and 2 from the Hartford station on the Grand Junction line of the London and North- Western railway. It is situated on the western bank of tho river Weaver, and contains the tnshps. of Darnhall and Marton, and parts of Over and Weaverham. Vale Royal, the seat of Lord Delamere, stands on tho site of the old abbey, occupying an elevation overlooking tho valley of the Weaver. The old Hall, rebuilt by the Hol- croftg in tho reign of Elizabeth, suffered considerably during the Oivil War, but has since been restored and considerably altered. It has some old stained glass, chiefly heraldic, brought from the Hall at Utkinton, and contains a collection of portraits and paintings, some of which are by Rubens. Merton Grange has been taken down, but the farm, with several other granges in this parish, still enjoys prescriptive privi- leges, having formed part of the possessions of the abbey of Vale Royal. The living is a vie. * in the dioc. of Chester, val. 250. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, was rebuilt in 1726. The register dates from 1565. There is a school for both sexes, supported by Lord Delamere. The manor of Darnhall formerly be- longed to the Earls of Chester, but now to T. G. Corbott, Esq., who is sole landowner. Tho local charities produce about 24 per annum. WHITEGATE, a post-office vil. in the bar. of Imo- killy, co. Cork, Ireland, 5 miles S.W. of Cloyne. It is chiefly inhabited by fishermen, and gives name to a small bay on the south-eastern side of Cork Harbour. WHITEHALL, a vil. in the bar. of Gowran, co. Kilkenny, Ireland, 4 miles S.W. of Leighlinsbridge. WHITEHALL, a hmlt. in the par. of St. Peter's, Stronsay, Orkney Islands, coast of Scotland, on the north-western side of the island. WHITEHALL, a hmlt, in the par. of St. Lawrence, Isle of Thanot, co. Kent, 2 miles from Ramsgate. WHITEHALL, a hmlt. in the par. of St. Decuman, CO. Somerset, 2 miles from Watchet. WHITEHALL, a hmlt. in the par. of Ross, hund. of Greytree, co. Hereford, 2 miles S. of Ross, and 12 S.E. of Hereford, on an acclivity overlooking the Wye. WHITEHAVEN, a tnshp., market town, seaport, and parliamentary borough in the par. of St. Bees, ward of .Allerdale-above-Derwent, co. Cumberland, 12 miles S.W. of Maryport, and 40 S.W. of Carlisle. It is tho terminus of three short lines of railway, the White- haven and Furness Junction, the Whitehaven, CJeator, and Egremont, and the Whitehaven Junction. The town has grown up since the middle of the 17th cen- tury through tho exertions of tho Lowther family, who founded the coal trade here in 1666, and laid out the harbour. In 1778 it was attempted to bo taken by Paul Jones, a native, of Galloway, who had served his appren- ticeship as a seaman in a vessel belonging to this port, but took service on board an American privateer, the Hanger, and landing with about 30 armed men, fired three of the ships in the harbour. Tho harbour, which dries at low water, and rises 10 to 18 feet, has recently been much improved by the erection of the North and West Piers ; the former executed by Ronnie, in 1841, is 1,800 feet long, with a lighthouse, or harbour guide, at the extremity ; and the latter is 1,350 feet long, bending to the E., with a fixed, or harbour light, put up in 1821 ; extending northwards from this pier is the New West Pier, a massive structure about 900 feet in length, having at its head a lighthouse, with a revolving light and three reflectors. There is another half-tide lighthouse on one of the inner piers, which servo to break the force of the sea, and together with the commodious quays are chiefly used for tho transit and shipping of coal and iron ore. Tho number of vessels belonging to this port in 1856 was 177, of an aggregate tonnage of 27,757, and employing 1,455 men. Steamers ply regularly from here to Belfast and Liver- pool. The herring fishery is on tho decline. The quan- tity of coal exported is 250,000 tons, principally to Ire- land. Shipbuilding is carried on to some extent, and there is a patent slip on the East Strand, erected by the Earl of Lonsdalo to carry vessels of 150 tons. The town is well planned, being laid out in regular streets, mostly crossing at right angles. King-street is tho principal business street ; it is paved, and lighted with gas by two companies. The town is well supplied with water from Ennerdale Lake, the pipes being laid underground for ten miles. The principal build- ings are the townhall, in Duke-street, containing assembly rooms and rooms for the meetings of the trustees of tho town and harbour, to whom the building belongs; market-house, built by Smirko in 1813; custom- house, built in 1811, on the West Strand; the union workhouse, built in 1856, on the St. Bees road: th