Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/904

YARPOLE. 892 YATKIIOUSE. who gave it to Rowley Abbey, and since the Dissolution has been held by the Spencer and Dashwood families. The old manoi house is now a farmhouse. The living is a vie. in the dioc. of Oxford, val. 220, held by the Principal of Exeter College, Oxford. The church, dedi- cated to St. Bartholomew, has several monuments to the Spencer family, and in the churchyard is a carved cross. There is a free school, founded by the late Alderman Fletcher, of Oxford. YARPOLE, a par. in the hund. of Wolphy, co. Here- ford, 5 miles N.W. of Leominster, and 18 from Hereford. The par. comprises the tnshps. of Bircher and Yarpole. The principal residences are Highwood House, Bircher Hall, The Knoll, and Bycroft. The living is a vie. annexed to the rect. of Croft. The church, dedicated to St. Leonard, has recently been improved by the addition of a new chaneel. The "Wesleyans and Primitive Me- thodists have chapels. There is a National school for this and the adjoining parishes. The charities produce about S per annum. W. T. Kevill Davies, Esq., of Croft Castle, is lord of the manor. YARROW, a par. in co. Selkirk, Scotland. This parish was formerly of larger extent than at present, comprehending the three ancient parishes of Duohoire, St. Mary's, and Kirkhope ; but, in 1852, the last-named was reconstituted into a distinct parish. It is still an extensive par., situated on the borders of Peebles-shire and Roxburghshire, and contains the post-office station of Yarrow, the hmlt. of Yarrowfens, the vil. of Ettrick Bridge, and part of the vil. of Yarrowford. The surface is broken, comprising a succession of valleys and hills, the principal vales being those of the Yarrow, Ettrick, and Tees, portions of which are included within this parish, and are separated by hill-chains running nearly parallel to each other in a W.S.W. direction ; besides which there is, towards the S., a tract of lofty table- land, about 8 miles long and 2 wide, in which the Ale- water and several tributaries of the Borthwick have their sources. A few plantations have been recently made, covering about 350 acres, but the country is open sheepwalks and moorland. The prevailing rocks are greywacke and clay-slate, and the soil a light sandy earth, interspersed with boulders. The principal land- owners are the Duke of Buccleuch and the Earl of Traquair. In the upland district of the S. are lakes Shaws-loch, Akermoor, Hellmoor, and Clearburn. There are sulphur springs at Craig and Catslacknowe the latter known as St. Peter's Well. In the neighbour- hood of Traquair, overlooking the Tweed, are two Border towers or fastnesses, one called Elibank, still in good preservation, and the other Blackhouse Tower, a stronghold, in the reign of Malcolm Canmore, of the Black Douglasses, and supposed to have been the scene of the Douglas tragedy from the existence of seven monumental stones on the adjoining heights. The par. is in the presb. of Selkirk, and synod of Merse and Teviotdale. The minister's stipend is 270, in the gift of the crown. The parish church was built in 1840, and repaired about 1825. There are also a Free church, and parochial schools at Yarrow and Ettrick Bridge, and two non-parochial schools. The churches of the ancient parishes of Duchoire, or Dewchar, and St. Mary's, have long since been demolished : the latter stood on the margin of St. Mary's Lake, and is mentioned in ancient writings as St. Mary's Kirk of the Lowes, and the Church of the Virgin Mary in Ettrick Forest. YARROW, THE, a river of co. Selkirk, Scotland, rises at Yarrow Cleugh, under Hart Fell, and after a course of 21 miles in a north-easterly direction through a wild country, in which it traverses St. Mary's Loch and gives name to the Vale of the Yarrow, it joins the river Ettrick near Selkirk. YARROWFORI), a vil. in the pars, of Yarrow and Selkirk, co. Selkirk, Scotland, 6 miles N.W. of Selkirk, on the river Yarrow. YAUTJM, or YARM, a par. and market town in the W. div. of Langbaurgh lib., North Riding co. York, 43 miles N.W. of York, 1C N.E. of Northallerton, and 4 S.W. of Stockton. It has stations on the Stockton and Darlington, and on the North-Eastern railways. This town, formerly spelled Yareham, is situated on a peninsula formed by the rive.r Tees, which is navigable for vessels of 60 tons, and is here crossed by a stone bridge of five arches, built in 1400, connecting Yarum with the county of Durham. It consists principally of one long spacious street, and contains some good houses, extending N. and S., with a covered market- cross standing in the centre. It was flooded in the years 1753 and 1771, when the water in the river rose 20 feet higher than usual. In addition to the advantages de- rived from the navigation of the Tees, this place enjoys with Stockton a salmon fishery, the tide flowing some distance above the town. The population in 1861 was 1,401. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the coasting trade and in a paper-mill. The town was first lighted with gas in 1856. Running nearly paral- lel with the whole length of the town on its western side is the viaduct of the North-Eaatern railway, 780 yards in length, and crossing the valley of the Tees upon 43 arches formed of red bricks with stone dress- ings, the two central arches being 83 feet span and 71 feet in height. In 1803 an attempt was made to span the river by a cast-iron bridge of 180 feet span, but owing to some defect in the abutments the whole fabric gave way on the 12th January, 1806, when just completed, and has not been since resumed. The Friar- age, now the property of Edward Meynell, Esq., to whom the manor belongs, occupies the site of a Black Friary, founded in the early part of the 13th century by Peter de Brus, who also founded St. Nicholas a hospital. The steward of the manor holds a court-leet annually, and the magistrates meet fortnightly in a chamber over the market-cross, where the old curfew bell is kept. The living is a rect. in the dioc. of Yorl^ val. 210, in the patron, of the archbishop. The church is dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene. The Roman Ca- tholics, Wesleyans, and Primitive and Association Metho- dists have chapels. There are a free grammar school, founded by Thomas Conyers in the reign of Elizabeth, and National, infant, and Sunday schools. The chari- ties produce about 40 per annum, including the school endowment. The market, which was on Thursday, has become extinct. Fairs are held on the first Thursday in April, Ascension Day, the 2nd August, 18th to 20th October for horses, cattle, and sheep, the last being tho great fair of the year. YARWELL, a par. in the hund. of Wiilyhrook, co. Northampton, 1 mile S.W, of Wansford, and 6 miles N.E. of Oundle. It is situated near the river Nen, and contains Sulehay, Walk, and Lodge. Tho living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of Peterborough, annexed to the vie. of Nassington. The church is dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene. The charities produce about 35 per annum. The Earl of Westmoreland is lord of the manor. YATE, a par. and tnshp. in the upper div. of Hen- bury hund., co. Gloucester, 1 mile W. of Chippiug- Sodbury, and 10 milea N.E. of Bristol. It is a station on the Birmingham, Gloucester, and Bristol section of the Midland railway. The village is situated on the river Frome, and has been made a polling-place for the western division of the county. The workhouse for the Poor-law Union of Chipping-Sodbury is situated hero. Tho soil is mostly a red-coloured earth upon a substratum of clay and coal, of which there are some mines in operation. The Beaufort hounds meet here. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Gloucester and Bristol, val. 851. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, contains an antique font and an old brass in memory of A. Stapleton and wives, bearing date 1590. The cha- rities produce about 38 per annum. There are National and British schools. The Rev. H. J. Randolph is lord of the manor. YATE, GREAT, a tnshp. in the par. of Croxden, S. div. of Totmonslow hund., co. Stafford, 63- miles N.W. of Uttoxeter, and 3 S.E. of Cheadle. YATEHOUSE, a hmlt. in the par. of Middlewich, hund. of North wich, co. Chester, 2 miles N.E. of Middle- wich. It is in conjunction with Byley to form a tnshp.