ADAM. The name of a distinguished family of British architects of the eighteenth century. William Adam (?-1748) was the author of the library and university of Glasgow and of many public and private buildings at Dundee (town hall) and Edinburgh. His four sons, especially Robert (1727-92) and James (?-1794), were prolific and successful architects, and under Robert's leadership did a great deal to remodel London. Robert's studies in Italy and Dalmatia preceded his settling in London, and his book on Diocletian's palace at Spalato increased his reputation, as also did the publication of engravings of the brothers' designs. The Adelphi Terrace and buildings are by Robert, as are also the Register House at Edinburgh, Kedleston Hall, near Derby, Lansdowne House, and many blocks of London houses, to whose interior decoration and arrangement the brothers paid great attention.
ADAM, a'dlix',
Adolphe Charles (1803-56). A French composer of operas. He was born and died in Paris. Though originally intended for a scientific career, he entered the conservatory in 1817 and studied composition under Boieldieu, mainly writing transcriptions for the piano. In 1829 his one-act opera, Pierre et Catherine, was produced with success, and fifty-two more followed, of which Le châlet and Le postilion de Longjumeau (1836) are the most famous. The latter, and his Cantique de Noël, and, besides, the ballets Faust and Le Corsaire, are his best known works in the United States. His chief merits are the characteristic French daintiness and finish. He was made professor of composition at the conservatory in 1849. His autobiography and souvenirs were published (Paris, 1860). Consult: A. Pouzin, Adolphe Adam, sa vie, etc. (Paris, 1870).
ADAM, Book of. See Apocrypha and Apocalyptic Literature.
ADAM, Sir Frederick (1784-1853). An English general. He was educated at Woolwich Military Academy and greatly distinguished himself in the Peninsular campaign. Although severely wounded at the battle of Alicante, he reëntered the service upon his recovery. He repelled the last charge of the French guards at Waterloo.
ADAM, Graeme Mercer (1839—). A Canadian author and editor. He was born at Loanhead, Midlothian, Scotland. After some experience with the Blackwoods, he emigrated to Toronto, where he became a partner in a successful publishing house. In 1876 he opened, in conjunction with John Lovell of Montreal, a branch house in New York, which has since developed into the John W. Lovell Publishing Company. Returning to Toronto in 1878, he subsequently edited the Canadian Bookseller; founded, in conjunction with Goldwin Smith, the Canadian Monthly (1872); started the Canadian Educational Monthly (1879) ; and was for several years connected with the Bystander as assistant to Goldwin Smith, and contributed extensively to other periodicals. Coming again to New York (1892), he became identified with several publishing houses as "reader," wrote reviews and compiled several books. In 1896 he removed to Chicago to become editor of Self-Culture. Among Adam's numerous separate publications are The Canadian North-West (1895); Outline History of Canadian Literature (1886); topographical and descriptive books of Canada, encyclopædias, and school books. In collaboration with Ethelwyn Wetherald he wrote a successful historical romance entitled An Algonquin Maiden (1886).
ADAM, Jean (1710-65). A Scotch poet. She was born near Greenock. In her earlier life she was a teacher, but. compelled to give up her school, she became a street vendor. She lived a joyless life, and died in the Glasgow poorhouse. She published a volume of religious poems in 1734. By some she is believed to be the author of There's nae Luck Aboot the House, a beautiful lyric. (See Mickle, William Julius.) Consult Ward's English Poets (London, 1880).
ADAM, a'diiN',
Mme. Juliette (1836—). A Parisian writer and editor. She was born at Verberie (department of Oise), October 4, 1836. Her first book, Le siège de Paris, journal d'une Parisienne, is an account of her experiences in 1870-71, when her husband (died 1877) was prefect of police. Her Nouvelle Revue, founded in 1879, and her salon, have both been politically influential. She has written much for periodicals on polities, literature, education, and the position of women. Her fiction, e.g., Laïde (1878), Grecque (1879), Païenne (1883), is militantly hedonistic, a passionate protest against what she would call the anti-natural, and others the supernatural, in Christianity. The most noteworthy of her works are: Souvenirs personnels, La patrie hongroise (1884), and Le général Skobeleff (1880). Many of her books appeared under the pen names of Juliette Lamber and Comte Paul Vasili.
ADAM, Lambert Sigisbert (1700-59). A French sculptor. He was born at Nancy and was educated at the School of the Académie, Paris, where he received the Prix de Rome in 1723. During his sojourn at the Académie de France he executed for Pope Clement XII. a bas-relief representing the apparition of the Virgin to St. Andrew Corsini, for which he received the title Académicien de St. Luc. His subsequent artistic career in Paris was very successful. Some of his best known works are: "La Seine et la Marne" (Palace of St. Cloud): "Neptune et Amphitrite" (Versailles, 1740); "Vénus au Bain" (designed for the Château de Choisy, 1742): "La Chasse et La Pêche" (Potsdam); "Neptune calmant les Flots" (Musée du Louvre, 1737). He published Recueil de sculptures antiques grecques et romaines.
ADAM, Paul (1862—). A French author, born in Paris. He participated in the Boulangist movement (1889), and was an unsuccessful candidate for a seat in the Chamber of Deputies. His earliest appearance in literature was made with Chair molle (1885). Others of his works of fiction, chiefly in the manner of the "symbolist" school, are Robes rouges (1891), Le mystère des foules (2 volumes, 1895), and La bataille d'Uhde (1897). With J Moréas he wrote La thé chez Miranda (1887). In addition to the above, his drama. L'automne (1893; with G. Mowrey), may be mentioned.
ADAM, Quirin François Lucien (1833—). A French magistrate and philologist. He was born at Nancy. Among his numerous works on philology, some of which deal with the languages of the native tribes of America, and the dialects of Lorraine, the following are the
