with greyhounds. Consult: A. E. Poa.se, Pro- ce»;(/iH(/s Zoological Society of London (1806, piige 810), who says that it is called hy the French oif Algeria "antilope du sud;" by the Arabs, "bcgra el Oouash" or "nieha," and by the Tuaregs, "tamoeta." Sec plate of Lakge Ante- lopes, in Volume 1.
AD'DER (an adder by mistake for a nadder,
A. 8. middrc, Goth, nadro, Ger. .Va((er, a snake) .
A conimon name applied botli to certain poison-
ous snakes, mostly of the family 'iperida', and
to certain harmless snakes of the family Colu-
brida". In tlie former ease it is practically a
synonym of Viper (q.v.). Several venomous ser-
pents are known as pull-adilcrs and death-
adders, under which names they will be found
described and illustrated elsewhere. Various
harmless snakes of the genus Tropidonotus are
known as adders both in Europe and America,
as well as the American Copperhead ( q.v. ) , the
water "adder" (see JIoccasin Snake), and the
spreading or blowing "adder" (see Uoono.se),
which, under provocation, assumes somewhat the
ai)pearanee of a vi|)er. Spwifically, in English
literature, the word usually means the common
viper (Vipern herus) of Europe, the only venomous snake of Great Britain.
AD'DICKS, John Edward (1841—). An
Ameri<aii capitalist. He was born in Philadel-
phia, Pa., November 21, 1841. He acquired
large interests in the Hour trade of that city,
and subsequently became prominent in the pro-
motion of the manufacture of illuminating gas.
In 1884 he organized, and was made president of,
the Bay State Gas Company of Boston, Mass.,
and in 1892 obtaincil the control and the presi-
dency tif the Brooklyn ( N. Y. ) Gas Company.
He was a candidate in 1895 for the United States
senatorship for Delaware, and, although he him-
self failed of election, was able to prevent that
of his rival, H. A. du Pont. The ex-speaker of
the State House, having become governor
through the death of (iovernor Marvel, was
permitted to cast a ballot in the legislative con-
vention, and opportunity was thus obtained for
contesting the election of Du Pont, whom the
Democrats and Populists refused lo scat. In 1806
a quarrel arose in the Republican .State Conven-
tion, assembled to elect delegates to the national
convention of that year, and two sets of dele-
gates, representing respectively the Du Pont and
Addicks factions, were thercu])on sent to St.
Louis. Tile committee on credentials having de-
cided in favor of the Du Pont delegates, the faction represented by these hecamc known as the "regular" Republican party, while the Addicks faction assumed the name of Union Republican. When, in 1809, a new senator from Delaware was to be elected upon the expiration of the term of George Gray, Democrat, a deadlock ensued, and
the senatorship remained vacant. Again, in 1900, two sets of delegates from Delaware were sent to the Republican National Convention, and on this occasion the commit Ice on credentials ultimately dwided in favor of the Addicks representatives. Despite the fact that he was thus
placed in charge of the party organization in that State, Addicks was in 1001 once more defeated in the senatorial election. But at this time there were two senators to elect, so that the adjournment of the Legislature in March left Delaware totally unrepresented in the Sen-
ate of the United States.
AD'DINGTON, He.suy, fir.st Viscount Sid- MoiTll (1757-1844). An English Tory states- man. He was born at Reading. He graduated at Brasenose, O.xford, in 1778, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1784. Persuaded by his college n-ate and friend, the younger Pitt, he entered Parliament in 178;!. Subsequently he filled the positions of speaker of the House of Commons, 178018()1, and premier and chancellor of the exchequer, 1801-4. Owing to the opposi- tion to his war policy, he resigned in 1804, but the King raised him to the peerage as first Vis- count Sidmouth, and made him president of the (^ouncil (1805). He was lord privy seal in 180(i, and again president of the Council in IHOO and 1807. He was home secretary from 1812 to 1822, and member of the cabinet from 1.H22 to 1824. Although a man of bencvnl.Mit dis- position, he became very unpopular through his coercive measures and retired into private life in 1824. He died at Richmond Park, February 15. 1844. Consult (;. Pellew, Life and Vorre- spoiTdrnvr of the Hifiht Hon. H. Addington, first Viscount Sidmouth (London, 1847).
ADDIS, William E. (1844 — ). An English
clergjman. He was born at Edinburgh and was
educated at Merchiston Castle School, Glasgow
College, and Balliol College, Oxford. He became a
Roman Catholic in 1866, and was parish priest of
Sydenham. 1878 to 1888. an assistant clerg-man
at -Melbourne, 1888 to 1802, and Jlinister (if the
High Pavement Chapel (Unitarian) , Nottingham,
from 180:{ to 1898. In 1808 he became professor
of Old Testament criticism in Manchester College,
Oxford. He is the author of the following works:
Catholic Dictionary, written in conjunction with
Thomas .Vrnold (fourth edition, 1884); Docu-
ments of the Hcxateurh (2 volumes, 1893-98) ;
Chrifitianity and the I'onian Empire (1803).
ADDIS ABEBA, iid'dfs ik-ba'bft. The capital
of .Abyssinia, situated in the province of Shoa,
in about lat. 9° N. and long. 39° E. (Map:
Africa, H 4). It occupies an extensive area
and is picturesquely situated at an altitude of
over 8000 feet. In its general appearance
it resembles more a camp than a capital city.
The town is absolutely without any streets
and is intersected in several parts by deep
ravines. The royal palace is situated on an emi-
nence and consists of a number of buildings of
cheap and Himsy architecture surrounded by sev-
eral walls. The permanent population is esti-
mated at 50,000, and the floating population at
30,000. Addis Abeba was the scene of the signing
of the treaty of peace between Italy and Abys-
sinia on October 26, 1806, in which Italy resigned
her claim to a protectorate over Abyssinia.
AD’DISON, Joseph (1672-1719). An English poet and essayist. He was the son of Lancelot Addison, a clergyman of the Church of England, and was born at Milston, near Amesbury, in Wiltshire, May I, 1672. After attending the Charterhouse and other schools, he entered Queen's College, Oxford, in 1687. Two years later he passed to Magdalen College. At Oxford he was distinguished for the ease with which he wrote Latin verse. By 1607 he was receiving high compliments from Dryden. He won the favor of Montagu (afterward Lord Halifax), and Lord Somers, through whom he obtained, in 1690, a pension of £300 a year. The pension was probably intended to enable him to prepare himself for diplomacy by foreign travel.
