only the most popular story, Home Influence (1847, and about thirty subsequent editions), was published during her lifetime. The further titles include A Mother's Recompense (1850), The Vale of Cedars (1850), and The Days of Bruce (1852).
AGUILAR DE LA FRONTERA, ii'gj-lar' da la froii-ta'ra. A town of Andalusia, Spain, in the province of Cordova, occupying the sum- mits and slopes of several low hills on the left bank of the Cabra, an affluent of the Genil, 26 miles south-southeast of Cordova (Map: Spain, C 4). The surrounding country is very fer- tile, and abounds in vineyards and orange groves. Many of the houses are of three stories, and the town is remarkable for the whiteness of its houses and the cleanliness of its streets. It has several handsome squares, a fine parish church, a monastic church containing examples of many famous Spanish masters, and a dismantled Moorish castle. The chief trade is in corn and wine. There are salt springs in its neighborhood. Pop., 1900, 13,311.
AGUILAS, ii'ge-las. A sea-port town of southern Spain (Map: Spain, E 4). It is situated in the province of Murcia, on the Aguilas-Lorca-Murcia Railway. It has a good harbor, and its port forms the chief outlet for the mineral products of the surrounding country. It contains several smelting works. Pop., 1900, 15,753.
AGUILERA, ä′gē̇-lā′rȧ, Ventura Ruiz (1820-81). A Spanish lyric poet, called “the Spanish Béranger.” He was born at Salamanca, and in
1843 went to Madrid to study poetry and political
journalism. Here he occupied important official positions under the liberal ministries. The journals edited or controlled by him were characterized by bold ideas and keenness of criticism; and in these, as also in his Satyras and in the poems entitled Ecos Nacionales, he endeavors to arouse the masses to a sense of their national dignity. His most important works are the collections of poems entitled Elegias (1862);
Armonías y cantares: La Arcadia moderna; and
Leyenda de noche-buena (1872). Several collections
of his prose writings, which consist mostly of short novels, have been published. An edition of his complete works appeared at Madrid in 1873, and selections from his poems were published under the respective titles, Inspiraciones (1865), and Poesías (1880).
AGUINALDO, ä′gē̇-näl′dō̇, Emilio (1870—).
The leader of Filipino insurrections against
Spain and the United States. He was the youngest
of three children, and was educated, first, in
his native town, and afterward at the College of
San Juan de Letrán in Manila. At this institution,
which is conducted by Dominican friars, he
remained for four years. In course of time he
became gobernadorcillo, or mayor of Cavité Viejo,
and was acting as such upon the outbreak of the
insurrection in August, 1896. Owing to his prominent
participation in this uprising, he went to
Hong Kong, consenting to a permanent exile
from the islands on condition of a large payment
on the part of Spain. In 1898 he returned to
Manila, for the avowed purpose, it was said, of
aiding the United States in the war against
Spain, and immediately after the battle of
Manila organized an insurrection, which soon
assumed proportions unparalleled in the history
of the archipelago. In this movement he dis-
played great ability and extraordinary personal
magnetism. Of the twenty-six province's of Luzon,
nearly all were soon in open rebellion, and in
the course of several months probably 15,000
Spaniards were captured and more than 2000
driven out of the islands. During the campaign
Aguinaldo was engaged in considerable diplomatic
fencing with the United States. In June,
1898, he organized a provisional government,
consisting of officers of his staff, as well as
several of his relatives and friends; and in August
of the same year this body appointed him
generalissimo of the Filipinos and president of
the revolutionary government. In July he
addressed an appeal to the Powers for the
recognition of Filipino independence. In 1899 he
assumed the offensive against the United States,
beginning operations by an attack upon Manila,
February 4-5, in which he was unsuccessful.
During 1899 there were a number of severe
engagements. Finally, the native troops were so
hard pressed by the Americans that Aguinaldo,
after repeatedly removing his capital, was
compelled to flee to the mountains. Here the fighting
was continued with varying success until
March 23, 1901, when Aguinaldo was captured
by Brigadier-General Frederick Funston at Palawan,
province of Isabella, Luzon, and brought to
Manila. On April 2, 1901, he formally took the
oath of allegiance to the United States.
AGUIRRE, ȧ-gēr'rắ, Lope de (c. 1507-61). A Spanish explorer in Peru, known as the “traitor” and “tyrant.” He was born in Oñate in the province of Biscay, and came to America at an early age. He was in Peru during the period
of the insurrections which followed the subjugation of the Incas, and took an active part in most of them. The turbulent spirits who survived these repeated uprisings were finally influenced to join an expedition to search for El Dorado under Pedro de Ursua. They crossed the
Andes and started down the headwaters of the Amazon in the early summer of 1560. Aguirre brought about the death of Ursua, and gained great influence over Fernando de Guzman, Ursua's successor. He then forced his companions
to renounce their allegiance to Spain and to recognize Guzman as King of Tierra Firme and Peru. He determined to abandon the search for El Dorado and return to Peru, conquer that country, and establish an independent kingdom there. Shortly afterward the newly made king
opposed some of his plans, and Aguirre thereupon
murdered him, together with his closest friends. Continuing down the Amazon, Aguirre made his way by one of that river's tributaries to the Orinoco, where he built large vessels, in which he sailed to the island of
Margarita. He was forced, however, to abandon the plan of fighting his way across Panama and to Peru. Instead, he landed on the coast of Venezuela, marched inland, and was brought to bay and killed at Barquisimeto, early in November, 1561. His last act was to kill his own daughter
with a poniard. In a letter addressed to King Philip II., he declared that he had killed twenty persons during the voyage down the Amazon, and the recorded list of those he ordered murdered is more than sixty, including women and
priests.
Bibliography. Simon, The Cruise of the Traitor Aguirre, translated by Markham and Bollaert, Chapter XI., Hakluyt Society Publication No. 28 (London, 1861). This account of
