the Congregational ministry, :iiul was pastor of Pilgrim Church, Cambridge, Alass., from 1805 to liHi'J. From 18(i!l to 1878 he was associate editor of the Coiigrri/atwiirilist, and from 1878 to 1888 editor of the Literary World, whose direction he again assumed in 1895. In 1879 he was ordained a priest of the Protestiint Episcopal Church anil appointed rector of St. James's parish, Cambridge. His pulilications include The Conrcrsdiioiis of Jesus (1875), and Phillips Brooks (1900).
ABBOTT, Rev. Edwin Abbott (1838—). An English author, born in London. He graduated
at St. John's College, Cambridge, with distinction (B.A. 18(31, M.A. 18(i4); was assistant master in King Edward's School, Birmingham (18U2-(14), and head-master of the fit)' of London School ( 18()5-18S9) , which he made one of the best day schools in England; retired in 1889, and received a jjcnsion the next year. He was twice Select Prcaclu>r at Cambridge and once at Oxford. He published several volumes of sermons and other religious works, as Cambridge Sermons (1875), Oxford iicnnons (1879), Cardinal Newman (1892), and .S'^ Thotnas of Canterbury (1898). He is best known by his Shakespearian Grammar (1809; third edition revised and enlarged, 1870), a pioneer work, which, though unscieiitifie, has hardly been superseded.
ABBOTT, Emma (Emma Abbott Wetiierell)
(1849-1891). An American soprano, born in
Chicago, HI. She began her musical exj>erience
in the choir of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn,
N. Y., and afterwards studied in Milan under
San (Jiovanni and in Paris under Wartel and
Albert James. She made her debut at Covent
Garden, London, as Maria in Iai Fille dii Regi-
ment. For three years thereafter slic made an
operatic and concert tour of England and Ire-
land uniler the direction of Colonel Mapleson.
Subsequently she returned to the United States, where she sang with the Abbott and Hess Opera
Company, and later with the English opera company long known by her name. She sang in
Martha, Faust, Les Huguenots, The Chimes of
Normandy, and the more popular works of
Verdi, Bellini, and Donizetti. With the excep-
tion of Clara Louise Kellogg, she was perhaps
more widely known than any other American
singer of lier time.
ABBOTT, Frank Frost (1800—). An Amer-
ican Latinist, horn at Redding, Conn. He grad-
uated at Yale in 1882, and in 1891 received the
degree of Ph.D. From 1885 to ISill he was
tutor at Yale; in 1892 he was appointed associ-
ate professor, and in 1894 professor of Latin in
the University of Chicago. He was also professor
in the .Vmerican School of Classical Studies at
Rome, from 1901 to 1902. His works include
A History of liomait Political liistitulions (Boston, 1901). and numerous philological papers.
ABBOTT, Gorham Dummer (1807-1874). American Congregational clergyman ;ind educator, born in Hallowell, Me. He graduated at Bowdoin in 1820 and at Andover in 18;il. With his brotliers, Jacob and ,Tohn S. C. Abbott, he was a pioneer in the higher or collegiate education of young women. In 1847 he founded the Spingler
Institute, in New York City. The scluwd main-
tained a high re|nitation during its brief history.
He wrote The Family at Home, athan W.
Dickerman, Pleasure and Profit.
ABBOTT, Jacob (I80:)-79), popular juve- nile and didactic writer. He was born at Hal- lowell, Me. He graduated at Bowdoin College in 1820. Like his brother .John, he studied for the ministry at Andover, and was ordained to the Congregational ministry. From 1825 to 1829 he was professor of mathematics and natural philosophy at .mherst. He then established a girls' school in Boston, and in 18,34 organized the Eliot Churcli, Roxbury. Five years later he moved to Farmington. He passed the remainder of his life there, in Xew York, and in foreign travel, devoting himself wholly to literature. He died at Farmington, October 31, 187)1. Abbott published more than two hundred volumes, the most noteworthy of which are The Hollo Iioot;s (28 volumes). The Franronia Stories (10 volumes). The liainhou- mid Lucky Series (5 volumes), a number of juvenile histories, written in collaboration with his brother, and a series of histories of America. He also edited many school books. His style had a singular fascination for the young, and many of his writings continue to be popular.
ABBOTT, Sir John Joseph Caldwell (1821-
93). A Canadian statesman, born at St. -An-
drew's, Quebec. He was educated at McOill
College. Montreal; studied law, and in 1S47 was
called to the bar. Bcgiiuiing in 1859 he repre-
sented Argenteuil County in the Canadian
Assembly until the union in 1807, when he
became a member of the Dominion Parliament
for the same place. In 1802 he was solicitor-
general in the cabinet of John Sandlield Mac-
donald, but resigned before his cliief lost power. In 1887 Sir .lohn A. .Macdon;il(l invited him to join tlie cabinet as a minister without portfolio. In .lune, 1891, on the death of Sir .lolin A. .lae-donald, Abbott was made Premier of the Dominion Government, but resigned in November, 1S92, because of his ill health. He took a seat in the cabinet of his successor, Sir John Thomson, but without a portfolio. ?Ie was Dean of the Faculty of Law of McGill University for ten years, was considered an authority on commercial law, and was knighted in 1892.
ABBOTT, .Toii.v Stepiien.s Cabot (1805-77). An .merican historian, pastor, and pedagogical writer, a brother of the equally pr(dific .laeob Abbott (q.v.). He was born at Urunswick, Me., and graduated at Bowdoin College in 1825. He studied for the ministry at .
dover, and was ordained a Congregational minister in 1830. He held successive pastorates at Worcester, Roxbury, and Nantucket. His writings were, from the outset, popular. Beginning with semi-religious pedagogy. The Mother at Home (1833), The Child at Home, etc., he was presently diverted to history, and after 1844 resigned his pastorate, giving himself entirely to literature. He died at Fairhaven, Conn., .ftine 17, 1877. His most noteworthy books are The French Rcrolution, The History of Napoleon Bonaparte, Napoleon at St. Helena, The History of Xapoleon the Third (1808), The History of the Civil War in .Imerica (I8()3-05), and The History of Frederick II., Called Frederick the Great ( New York). All these are readable, but none of tlwm has any critical value.
ABBOTT, Lyman, D.D. (1835— ) An American Congregational clergyman and editor. He was born at Roxbury, Mass., a son of Jacob Abbott. He graduated at the New York Univer-
