synthetic judgments is open to serious objec- tions, if the distinction is to be made absolute. Concepts (q.v. ) vary from mind to mind, and even in the same mind from time to time. To the laboratory chemist, perhaps tlie most essen- tial mark in the concept water is expressed in the formula H,0; i.e., water is conceived to be a chemical union of oxygen and hydrogen in definite proportions. But the non-scientific man may have a clear idea of what he means by water and can perhaps define his concept. Tn such a case the definition would not include any reference to oxygen and liydrogen. Thus, the judgment that water is a certain chemical combination of oxygen and hydrogen, while an analytic judgment for the chemist, may be a synthetic judgment for the person who has not yet studied chemistry. This shows that concepts are not necessarily fixed, but may be capable of growing and changing. Analysis and synthesis in logic are concomitant aspects of the same operation; every analytic judgment may be viewed as at the same time synthetic, and every synthetic judgment as at the same time analytic. Consult: E. Caird, The Critical Philosophy of Immanuel Kant, 2 volumes (New York and London, 1889). See also bibliography under Analysis.
AN'ALYT'IC LAN'GUAGES. See Philology.
AN'ALY'ZER. That part of a polariscope (q.v.) which is used for examining light after it has been polarized. (See Light.) It may be a movable mirror, a plate of tourmaline, a doubly refracting crystal, or a Nicol prism. The latter is most frequently employed for this
purpose.
ANAM'. See Annam.
ANAM'ESITE. See Basalt.
ANAMIRTA, an'a-mlr'ta. See CoccuLUS Ikdicus.
ANAMMELECH, a-nSm'e-lek. A god worshiped by the inhabitants of Sepharvaim, who were deported to Samaria (IL Kings xvii : 31). This city is probably identical with Shabarain, or Sibra'im. near Damascus: and the deity may be Anath. the Syrian goddess, rather than Anu.
AN'AMO'SA. A city and county seat of
.Tones Co.. la.. 5.'i miles southwest of Dubuque,
on the yapsipinicon and Buffalo rivers, and on
tiie Chicago and Northwestern and the Chiclgo,
Milwaukee and St. Paul railroads (Map: Iowa,
F 2). It is the seat of a State penitentiary.
The adjacent country is largely agricultural,
and contains quarries of building stone, in which
the city has a considerable trade. The indus-
trial establishments include flour mills, grain
elevators, foundry, carriage, and wagon works,
etc. Pop., 1890, 2078; 1900, 2891.
ANA'NAS. See Pineapple.
AN'ANI'AS (Gk. 'AraWac). (1) One of the
members of the young Church at Jerusalem who
conspired with his wife, Sapphira, to make a
false pretense respecting their gift of property
to the community of the brethren, and was, with
his wife, struck dead (Acts v: 1-11). (2) A
disciple at Damascus (Acts ix : 10-17; xxii : 12)
mentioned in connection with SauPs experience
in that place. (3) A high priest at Jerusalem
(Acts xxiii : 2; xxiv : 1) mentioned in connec-
tion with Paul before the Sanhedrin and at
Caesarea.
ANANIEV, or ANANYEV, a-nUn'ySf. A
town in the government of Kherson, Russia,
about 220 miles northwest of Kherson, on the
banks of the Tiligula (Map: Russia, C 5). Very
little manufacturing is carried on, but there is
some trade in agricultural products. It has a
mi-xed population of Russians, Jews, and Ru-
mans, numbering in all about 17,000 in 1897,
as against 14,200 in 1885. Ananiev w-as annexed
to Russia in 1792.
ANAPA, a-nii'pik. A small seaport on the
Black Sea, in the Kuban territory, Russia (Map:
Russia, E 6). An old rampart, now serving
as a promenade, is a feature of the town. A
trade in grain and fish is carried on. Popu-
lation, about 7600. Founded as a fortress in
1771. Anapa was repeatedly attacked by the
Russians in their wars with Turkey. It be-
came Russian in 1829. In 1854, at the ap-
proach of the allied fleet, Russia evacuated it,
after destroying its fortifications.
AN'APÆST (Gk. dniTroto-Tos, anapaistos,
struck back, i.e., a dactyl [q.v.] reversed, from
avd, ana, back -|- TaUiv, paiein, to strike). Tlie
name of a measure, or foot, in Greek verse, con-
sisting of two short syllables and one long syl-
lable ; thus ^^ — . It has been called the march-
ing rhythm, as the language of the chorus in
Greek tragedy fell into anapaests on entering or
leaving the orchestra. It was also the prevailing
measure in the parabasis of Aristophanic com-
edy. By analogy, the name is also employed to
designate in modern verse a tri.syllabic measure
of two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed
syllable; for example: "/ am mon | arch of all
I siirrei/." See Versification.
ANAPHRODISIACS, rm-af'r6diz1-aks (Gk. dv, an, priv. -j- d(ppodi<naK6!, aphrodisiakos, pertaining to Aphrodite, goddess of love) . Substances used to lessen the sexual desire. In the first place, all causes of genital irritation should be removed. Careful cleansing should be insisted on. and in many cases circumcision is needed. Saccharine or highly acid urine should be corrected. Distention of the bladder should be avoided if possible. Vesical calculus, worms, hemorrhoids, and anal fissure may all act as causes of sexual excitement, and should be treated if present. Other rarer lesions in this neighborhood may cause it. Constipation should be relieved. The clothing, especially at night, should not be too warm. The bed should be hard. The diet should be restricted in amount, and ehieflyvegetable; while spices and stimulants of all kinds should be avoided. Hard mental work and abundant exercise, especially with the arms, are strongly indicated. Ice, applied locally, and cold baths, local or general, are very potent in alla.ying sexual excitement for the time. Besides these measures, some drugs are of value. The best are probably the bromides. They should be given in full doses, and if necessary pushed to the physiological limit. Next to these comes camphor, which should be used in the same way. The nauseants are valuable temporary expedients, but cannot be used in a prolonged treatment. It must be remembered that nymphomania and satyriasis are due to cerebral conditions, and occur during attacks of insanity or during delirium produced by alcohol and other drugs.
