Origini del teatro in Italia (1877), and La poesia popolare italiana (1878).
ANCO'RA, (Ital.). The same as the French word encore, again, and used in demanding the repetition of a song, for which, however, the French use the word bis, "twice."
ANCRE, aN'kr'.CoNCiNO Concini, Marquis d'. A Florentine adventurer, who went to the French court in 1000 with Maria de' Medici, queen of Henry IV. With his wife, Leonora Gali^'ai, lie exercised an unhappy influence in promoting the disagreement between the King and Queen. When, after Henry's death, the Queen became regent, C'oncini.as her favorite, obtained possession of the reins of government, and in 1613 was made a marshal and prime minister. He bought the mar- quisate of Ancre, in Picardy, and took his title from it. Because of his rapacity he became an object of detestation equally to the nobility and the people. A conspiracy was formed against him, to which the young king, Louis XIII., was himself privy, and he was assassinated in April, 1017, on the bridge of the Louvre just as he was leaving it. Vitry, a captain of the royal body- guard, accomplished the murder. His wife was soon afterward accused of witchcraft and was executed.
ANCREN RIWLE, fuj'kreii roiil; Middle
Eng. pron. an'kren ri.i'le (Rule of Anchor-
esses). An exposition of duties and rules of
life, said to have been drawn up by Simon of
Ghent, Bishop of Salisbury (12!)7),"for a relig-
ious community of women at Tarrant-Kaines in
Dorsetshire.
AN'CRUM MOOR. A moor in Scotland a little northwest of Jedburgh (q.v.). It was. in 1.544, the scene of the defeat of .5000 English under Sir Ralph Evers and Sir Brian Latoun by a Scottish force under the Earl of Angus and Scott of Buceleuch. A defaced monument marks the spot where a Scottish maiden, named Lil- liard, is said to have done prodigies of valor. ANCTJD, nn-kooD' (formerly San Carlos). Capital of the province of Chiloe, Chile. It is situated on the island Chiloe, which lies near the mainland, about 575 miles south from Valparaiso, with which it is connected by steamship line. It has an excellent harbor, some manufactures and fishing interests. It was settled in 1768; was the last stronghold of the Spaniards in Chile during the war of the rebellion, surrendering to the revolutionists in 1826. Pop. 1895, 3,182.
AN'CUS MAR'CIUS (?— 614 B.C.). The son of Pompilia, daughter of King Numa Pompilius, and the fourth king of Rome. Following the exam- ple of Numa, he endeavored to restore the almost forgotten worship of the gods and the cultiva- tion of the arts of peace among the Romans. But, despite his inclination for peace, he was en- gaged in several wars with the neighboring Latin tribes, whom he subdued and reduced to order. These Latins Niebuhr considers to have formed the original plebeians. Against the Etruscans he fortified the .Janieulum, connected it with Rome by a wooden bridge, and gained possession of both banks of the Tiber as far as its mouth, where he founded Ostia as the port of Rome. He built the first Roman prison of which we read, a proof that civilization had really commenced, inasmuch as offenses then formally ceased to be regarded as private and personal matters and were treated as crimes against the community. A prison, said to be his, is still in existence near the Forum. He died in 614 B.C., after reigning twenty-four years. It is needless to add that the kings of Rome, as we know them, are not historical char- acters.
ANCY'RA. See Angora.
ANCZYC, an'chits, Wladyslaw Ludwik (1823-83). A Polish writer, born at Vilna. He studied pharmacy, but turned to literature, and vrote a number of popular Polish comedies, which are marked by keen characterization and forceful style. His works include The Peasant Arislocmts (1851), The Raftsmen (1875), and The Peasant Emigration (1876).
AN'DA. A genus of jilants of the natural order Euphorbiaeefe, the onlj' species of which, Anda brasiliensis, is a Brazilian tree with large yellow flowers and an angular fruit about the size of an orange, containing two roundish seeds like small chestnuts. The .seeds are called in Brazil Purga dos Paulistas, are used medicinally in that country, and are more purgative than those of the castor-oil plant. This quality seems to depend upon a fixed oil. which is obtained by pressure. The bark of the tree roasted in the fire is accounted in Brazil a certain remedy for diarrhea brought on by cold. The fresh bark throw-n into ponds is said to stupefy fish.
ANDALUSIA, an'da-loo'zl-a (Sp. Andaliicia for Vandalusia, the Land of the Vandals I . A region in the southern part of Spain, a part of the old Roman province of Bsetica, which comprises the present provincesl of Granada, Almeria, Malaga, Cadiz, Huelva,! Seville, Cordova, and Jaen (Map: Spain, C 4) Its area is 33,663 square miles. The region is] divided into Upper and Lower Andalusia. Thel former comprises the mountainous regions of the! Sierra JMorena on the north and the Sierra Nevada! on the south, with the valley of the upper stream! of the Guadalquivir. Lower Andalusia consists! chiefly of the valley on both sides of the lower! Guadalquivir. The lower regions have a very! mild, almost African, climate. On the Atlantic coast the temperature is much lower, and in thel highlands snow is not infrequent. The soil is] very fertile, both in the mountain valleys of Up- per Andalusia and in the deep valleys along thel Guadalquivir, and the warm climate allows ofj the cultivation of many southern fruits. Or- anges, olives, and sugar are cultivated suc- cessfully, while wheat, corn, and other grains | ripen as early as April and yield abundant crops. The districts along the coast are generally un- fruitful, and in some cases utterly unfit for cul-l tivation. In ancient times the fertility ofj Andalusia was proverbial, as evidenced by the J diff'erent epithets applied to the region, such as J "gianary," "wine cellar," and "gold purse" of Spain. Even at present Andalusia is considered] one of the most fertile parts of Spain. Cattle- raising is highly developed, and the AndalusianI breeds of horses, mules, and bulls have long beenj famous. The population was 3,450.209 in 1897, and 3.283,436 in 1877. The Andalusians are a| verj' graceful people and picturesque in their at- tire. Their language is Spanish with a slight | admixture of ,rabic.
History. Andalusia, which was overrun by the Vandals in the early part of the fifth century, was probably the Tarshish of the Bible, its namel in classical geography being Tartessis (a very] ancient town near the mouth of the Guadalquivir, I
