Before the period of the Spanish conquest the tribes had attained a high degree of civilization, attested by the ruins of temples and other edifices, with gigantic statues carved from the living rock yet to be seen in their ancient territory. A wild and warlike remnant survives in the inaccessible fastnesses at the head of Fragua River, still guarding, according to a local legend, a cavern in which are piled up the golden treasures of their ancestors. The language shows some similarities to the Chibcha, but appears to constitute a distinct stock.
ANDAS'TEE. See Conestoqa.
ANDELYS, Les, la'zilN'd'-l*'. An important town in the department of Eure, France, 20 miles northeast of Evreux, on the right bank of the Seine. It consists of Grand and Petit Andelys. The former dates from the sixth century, and contains the fine collegiate church- of Notre Dame, built from the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries, noted for its superb stained glass windows and valuable paintings. Petit Andelys clusters around the famous Norman castle of Gaillard, built by Richard Coeur de Lion in 1195, which was once one of the strongholds of France. The church of St. Sauveur, at Petit Andelys, is also a splendid structure, dating from the twelfth to the fourteenth centuries. The chief trade is in cloth, and there are manufactures of thread and leather. Pop., 1896, 5923.
ANDENNE, iiN'den'. A town of Belgium, in the province of Namur, 10 miles east of Namur, and nearly two miles south of the Maas (Map: Belgium, D 4). It has manufactures of paper, porcelain, and tobacco-pipes, the latter being its most famous product. There are beds of pipe- clay, quarries of marble, and lead, iron, and coal mines in the neighborhood. Pop., 1899, 7829.
ANDER, Jin'der, Aloys (1821-64). An Aus-
trian tenor, born at Liebititz, Bohemia. He ap-
peared at Vienna in 1845, and was first to sing
there the role of Jean de Leyde in Meyerbeer's
he Prophete. His voice was not strong, but of
excellent quality.
ANDERAB, iin'der-iib', or INDERAB, In'-der-iib'. A town of Afghanistan, on the northern slope of the Hindu-Kush Mountains, and on the northern bank of the Anderab, or Inderab, River (Map: Afghanistan, L 3). It is surrounded by gardens, orchards, and vineyards. It is an important post in the commerce between Persia and India. Pop., estimated at 6000.
ANDERLECHT, an'dcr-lcKt. A manufactur-
ing suburb of Brussels, Belgium (Map: Belgium,
C 4). It has numerous manufacturing estab-
lishments, consisting mostly of spinning and
weaving mills, dveing works, and breweries.
Pop., in 1890, 32,300; in 1900, 47,700.
ANDERLEDY, iin'der-la'de, Antonius (1819-92). A general of the Jesuits, born at Brieg (Valais), Switzerland. He entered the order of Jesuits in 1838, and studied philosophy and theology at Rome and Freiburg. In 1848 he came to the United States, where he was pastor at
Green Bay, Wis.; and in 1851 returned to Germany, where, until 1853. he directed Jesuit missions. From 1853 to 1856 he was rector of the Jesuit seminary at Cologne. In 1856 he was appointed rector of the seminary at Paderborn, and in 1865 assumed the professorship of moral theology at the Seminary of Maria-Laach. of which he was made rector iii 1809. He was appointed. in 1870, assistant to J. P. Beckx, general of the Jesuits, whom he succeeded in 1884.
ANDERMATT, iin'der-mat, or Urseren (the Italian Orscra). The chief town of the Andermatt Valley, in the canton of Uri, Switzerland, four miles south of Giischenen. It is 4700 feet above sea level, and is at the intersection of three of the most important Alpine highways, the road through the St. Gotthard Pass, that to the Rhone Valley, and the upper Alps road going toward the valley of the Rhine. The St. Gotthard tunnel passes underneath the valley of Andermatt. For the protection of Andermatt, a strong fort has been built to the north. The town has an active transit trade, and is a summer and winter health resort. Pop., 700.
ANDERNACH, iiu'der-niiG. A town in the
Prussian Rhine province, situated on the left
bank of the Rhine, about 10 miles northwest of
Coblentz, and near the mouth of the Nette (Map:
Prussia, B 3). Its old walls and gates give it
quite a mediaeval appearance. Among its in-
teresting buildings are the parish church of St.
Genoveva, with four towers, one of which dates
back to the Carlovingian period, the ruins of
the old castles of the archbishops of Cologne,
the quaint watch tower, and the Rhine Gate. The
town luis manufactures of chemicals, perfumeries,
cigars, millstones, exported to distant parts of
the world, and tiiffstciti, or trass, an indurated
volcanic mud, which, when pulverized and mixed
with lime, makes a mortar or cement for con-
structions under water. Pop., in 1890, about
6000; in 1900, 8000. The town was founded by
the Romans under the name of Antunnacum.
ANDERSEN, iin'dersrn, Han.s Chkistiax M (1805-75). A celebrated Danish writer, styled fl the "children's poet, whose best poetry is his prose. He was born at Odense. Denmark, April 2, 1805. The child of poor and shiftless parents, he had little instruction and few associates, but his dramatic instinct was stimulated by La Fontaine and the Arabian Nights, and a visit of a theatrical company to Odense, in ISIS, led him to seek his dramatic fortune in Copenhagen (1819), where for four years he worked diligently, luit luoduced nothing of note. He gained a scholarship, however, and friends, who in 1829 enabled him to publish .4. Journey on Foot from Holm Canal to the East Point of Amager, an arabesque naively plagiarized and parodied from the German romanticists. Fantasies and Sketches, sentimental and rather mawkish poems, followed in 1831, after which he made a tour of (»ermany, the first of many wanderings. This inspired 8ilhoiiettcs, a book with admirable pages of description. In 1835 he essayed the Fairi/ Talcs, by which he was to achieve world-wide recognition. The classic Tinderhox and Big Claus and Little Clans are also of this year. He was, however, disposed to underrate his "sleight of hand with fancy's golden apples," devoting himself to novels. I'he Improvvisatore (1835), O. T. (1836), and Only a Fiddler (1837), which gave him a European reputation for picturesque description, humor, and pathos of the romantic type. In the last, there are interesting autobiographical touches; but there is no clear character-drawing in any of them, and this lack made his repeated dramatic essays uniform failures. He Was still to write delightful impressions of travel, as in .1 Poet's Bazaar (1842), In Sweden (1849), and
