if the radius moves clockwise. If the arms are s(r;iL;lit. the an<;le is said to be rcrlilhicai- : if euived. curvilinear; if arcs of great circles on a sphere, spherical. Curvilinear angles have the same measure as the rectilinear angles formed by tangents to the curves at the vertex. If two planes meet, they are said to form a dihedral (C4k. two-seated) angle; this lias the same measure as the rectilinear angle fnniicd by two lines in the planes that are per- |>i'iidicular to the line of intersection of the planes. If three or more ])lanes meet in one point, the.y are said to form a solid angle, the nieastiie of which is the ratio of the intercepted surface to the entire surface of any sphere hav- ing the vertex of the angle as its centre. A solid angle is trihedral, tctrahedral, etc., accord- ing as it is formed by 3, 4, etc.. planes. For the various attempts made to define the simple con- cept angle, consult Schotten, Inh<ilt uiid Mc- thoilc ( planiiiietrischcn Unl(-rrichts (Leipzig, ISM).
ANGLE. Facial. See Anthropometry.
ANGLE I'RON. See Rolling Mills, for a desciiplion of this and other steel shapes.
ANGLE OF EL'EVA'TION, Angle of DePARTiRE, and other terms in Gunnery. See Ballistics, and Gunnery.
AN'GLER (The name alludes to its seeming
to "angle" for its pre}'; see below). A singu-
larly ugl}' and voracious marine fish (Lophius
jiisralorins) . also known as goose-fish, monk-fish,
all-mouth, and fishing-frog. It is of the order
I'cdiculati, chiefly characterized by the greatly
elongated carpel bones, which form a kind of
arm supporting the pectoral fins. The angler is
a large fish, three to five feet in length, having
the large, flattened head with its wide nioutli
and luojecting lower jaw. and the anterior part
of the body, greatly out of proportion to the pos-
terior tapering part. The three anterior spines
lLae become widely separated from the dorsal
iln, and shifted forward onto the head, where the
most anterior is much elongated, bar))el-like, and
fleshy at the tip. It is bj' the brilliant color of
this and other worm-like appendages about the
mouth that the fish is said to attract smaller
fishes and thus make them easy prey. The name
goose-fish refers to the popular belief that it will
seize geese and other swinnuing birds. It is a
very hardy fish, and does not suffer from being
out of the water as readily as most fishes. It
occurs on the European shores, and on the Amer-
ican coast from Nova Scotia to the Barbadoes.
Some deep-sea fishes of a closely related family
( -Vntennariida;) are sometimes included under
the same name, and apparently have similar
habits. See Fkog-fish, and plate of Anglers
AXu Batfish.
AN'GLES. A Low German tribe who occu-
pied the district of Angeln in Schleswig-Hol-
stein. and extended to the west as far as the
North Sea. With the .Jutes and the Saxons,
the .Angles passed over in great numbers to
Britain during the fifth century, and settled in
East Anglia. Xorthumbria. and Mcrcia. From
them England derives its name fLat. Anfilia,
A. S.. Eiif/la-laitd) . After these migrations from
Schleswig. the Danes from the north entered
the deserted districts, and mingled with the
Angles who remained there. The German lan-
by immigrant nobles from Holstein, and pre-
vailed among the higher classes; but until the
nineteenth century the Danish was still gener-
ally spoken by the common peojjle. During the
nineteenth century the German gained the as-
cendency. The mf)(lcrn Angles are of a more
passive disposition than the Frieslanders and the
people of Ditmarschen, and religious sentiment
is very strongly manifested among them. The
district called Angeln extends from the Schlei on
the south to the Flcnsburg hills on the north,
contains about 330 square miles, and a popula-
tion of about 38,000. Kappeln is the chief
town. The name has no political or administra-
tive significance. Consult Erdmann, Vbcr die
Heiinat und den Kainen der Angeln (Upsala,
1891).
ANGLESEY, riu'gl'-se, or ANGLESEA (A. S.
Angles eg, the Angles island). A county and
island of Wales, separated from the mainland by
the ilenai Strait (Map: Wales, B 3). Its
length is about 20 miles, breadth about 17, coast
line about SO. area 27.5 square miles. The
count}- is divided into three districts, called ean-
trefs, each subdivided into two cwmwds. The
market towns are Amlwch (a flourishing little
seaport of 5306 inhabitants), Beaumaris (q.v.),
the countv town, Holyhead (q.v.), Llangefni,
and Llanerchy-medd. Pop., 1891, .50,01)8 ; in 1901,
50,590. The surface is generally flat, and the
.soil of indift'erent fertility and only partially
cultivated, Ijy far the largest part being under
pasture. The ])rincipal products are wheat, bar-
lej', oats, and potatoes. The mineral deposits of
the island are still important, though not so ex-
tensive as 100 years ago, when the Parys and
Mona copper mines were considered the most pro-
ductive in England. Among the minerals the
most important at present are copper, lead,
silver, marble, limestone, asbestos, and coal. The
island is connected with the mainland by one sus-
pension bridge and the Britannia tubular bridge
on the route of the Chester and Holyhead Rail-
way. The island is traversed by two railway
lines. There are still to be found some ancient
relics of Druidism, which once flourished on the
island. The Welsh language is largely spoken by
the peasantry. Consult H. L. Jones, "The Medi-
seval Antiquities of Anglesey," in Volume V.,
Archaeological Journal (London, 1844).
ANGLESEY, Henry William Paget, first
marquis of (171)8-1854). A British general and
statesman. He was educated at Oxford and entered Parliament in 1790. He commanded a volunteer corps in Flanders, and acquired a high reputation as a cavalry oflicer in the Peninsular War. At the battle of Waterloo, where he commanded the British cavalry, he lost a
leg. On his return to England he received a vote of thanks from Parliament, and was made Marquis of Anglesey. In 1828 he was appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Irelaiul at a period when that country was greatly agitated over the
question of Catholic emancipation. This he at first opposed, but afterward advocated it, and in consequence was recalled by Wellington in 1829. lie was again appointed to the same olRce under Lord Grey's administration in 1830; but his coercive measures destroyed his popularity, and he resigned his position in 1833. He founded the Irish Board of Education. In 1846 he was promoted a field-marshal.
