and by voluptuous mystical tendencies. The accession of Said Pasha inspired Abul Su'ud to a splendid kacida (ode), and the fall of Sebastopol was celebrated by him in a dithyramb which voiced an appeal for universal brotherhood, an idea till then little known in the Orient.
ABUL WEFA, iil.ool wa'fA. See Moham-
med ben Mohammed ben Yahaya.
ABUMESACKA, abr;n'nift-sii'ka (native
name). A large catfish of the Nile (Charotes laticeps).
ABUNDA, abnrrn'da. A Bantu people of An-
gola, living partly on the low-lying coastlands and
partly on the terraced escarpments, and hence di-
vided into "highlanders" and "lowlanders." They
have long been in contact with Europeans, and
there is a considerable admixture of white blood,
largely accounting for their enterprise, which
travelers praise highly. Most of them speak both
Portuguese and Umbunda, a trade language which
is current over vast areas. It is said that, with a
knowledge of Umbunda and Ki-Swahili. also a
Bantu dialect, a traveler can make his way across
the continent from Henguela to Zanzibar.
ABU NUWAS, a1)iTn nnfi'was, al-Hasan
ibn Hani al-Hakami (762?-810?). One of the
most celebrated Arabic lyric poets; born in al-
Ahwaz; lived a riotous life in Basra, Kufah, and
Bagdad, though under the special favor of al-
Harun and al-Amin. His collected poems contain
4900 verses. Those which celebrate wine are best
known; but he also wrote love poems, satires (one
of which was the cause of his death), poems on
the chase and on asceticism. He has been called
the Heine of Arabic literature. His Diwan has
been edited and partly translated by von Kremer
(Vienna, 1855) and Ahlwardt (Greifswald,
1861). Compare Brockelmann, Geschichte der
arabischen Litteratur (1898), i. p. 75.
ABU SAID KHAN, ii'boo sa-M' KSn. See Mongol Dynasties.
ABUSE' OF PROCESS. The wrongful employment of a regular judicial proceeding. Courts of justice, quite as much for their own protection as for that of the party injured thereby, refuse to lend themselves to the abuse of their procedure, and may, accordingly, stay or dismiss actions and strike out defenses which are manifestly frivolous or vexatious. The question whether an allegation or a denial comes under this description is addressed to the discretion of the court. The jurisdiction to prevent or redress such abuse may be exercised on the motion of the party aggrieved or at the instance of the court itself. In order to sustain an action for malicious abuse of civil process. it is necessary to allege and prove both a want of probable cause
and the existence of a malicious motive. Consult: Newell, Law of Malicious Prosecution, False Imprisonment, and Abuse of Legal Process (Chicago. 1892). See Malicious Prosecution.
ABUSHEHB, rboo-shPr', or BUSHIBE,
booshcr' ( Pers. Rcndershchr) . Persian sca-
jiort town on the cast coast of the Persian (iulf,
about 130 miles southwest of Shiraz, with which
it is connected by a caravan route. It is situ-
ated at the extremity of a peninsula and has an
extremely hot climate. Owing to its advan-
tageous position as a terminal of one of the most
important caravan routes of Persia, .bushehr
has a very considerable trade, in spite of the
fact that its harbor is neither safe nor deep
enough for heavy vessels, which are compelled
to anchor outside. The trade (over $7,000,000
annually) is chiefly with Great Britain and her
colonies. The cx])orts consist of opium, raw cotton
and silk, mollier of pearl, carpets, tobacco, and
hides, while the imports are made up chietly of
cotton goods, tea, metals, and sugar. Abushehr
is the seat of several Kurojiean consuls, as well
as of a Persian governor. The population is
about l.'>,000.
ABU-SIMBEL, Ul)oo-sim'M (InsAMiUL or
IpsAMiui. ). . place on the left bank of the
Nile in Nubia, lat. 22° 22' N„ the site of two
very remarkable rock-cut temples. Both were
constructed by Ramescs II.. who de<licated the
larger to the gods Annnon of Thebes, Harmaehis
of Heliopolis, and Ptah of Memphis: the
smaller to the goddess flathor. The larger
temple has a faqade 110 feet broad and more than
100 feet higli. adorned with four sitting colossi,
each more than tio feet in height, representing
the King. Upon these are carved inscriptions
commemorating the visit of Phoenician and
Greek mercenaries in the service of King Psammetichus II. (504-589 B. c. ) . The interior of this
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temple, which is 180 feet in depth, contains two large halls and twelve smaller chambers and corridors, all decorated with sculptures and paintings. The great outer hall. 58 by 54 feet, is supported by two rows of square jiillars. four in each row, 30 feet high ; and to each of these pillars is attached a standing figure of the King, reaching to the roof. The walls of this hall are decovated with representations, in color, of vic- tories over the llittites and other enemies of Egypt. In front of the smaller temple are si.x statues, each 33 feet high, representing King Rame.ses and his Queen. These temples were discovered by Burckhardt. In 1802, Captain Johnston, K.IC, repaired the front of the larger temple, ami built two walls to protect the en- trance agiiinst the drifting sand.
ABU TEMMAM, •i'boo tfm-mam'. Habib (807 ?-84(>?) . Aiiibic poet, the exact dates of whose birth and death are uncertain. He was born in Syria, and his father is said by some vithorities to have Ijcen a Christian. But few facts of his life are known. At an early age he came to Egypt, where he first became known as a poet. He led the life of a wanderer, and passed from Damascus to JIo.sul, thence to Bagdad, and finally settled for some time in Hamadan, where a large library was placed at his dis-
