edge with a board, which either covers a rafter or occupies the place of a rafter itself. These barge-boards were often very richly ornamented, particularly in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth centuries. They are sometimes termed Verge-boards.
BARGÈS, biir'zhes'.
Jean Joseph Léandre (1810—). A French Orientalist. He was born at Auriol (Bouches-du-Rhône) and was educated at Marseilles. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1834, and three years afterwards was appointed to the chair of Arabic at Marseilles. In 1842 he became professor of theology and of Oriental languages at Paris. Among his numerous publications are the following: Temple de Baal à Marseille, ou Grande inscription phénicienne, etc. (1847); Aperçu historique sur l'Eglise épiscopale de Tlemcen (1848); Hébron et le tombeau du patriarche Abraham (1865); Vie du célèbre marabout Cidi Abou Médien (1884); Recherches archéologiques sur les colonies phéniciennes établies sur le littoral de la Celto-Ligurie.
BAR'GHEST. A horrible goblin, with large teeth and claws, fabled to appear in the form of a huge dog or bear. Its appearance to any one portends immediate death or grievous misfortune. The barghest is still fancied to exist in the northern part of England. As to the origin of the name, opinions differ widely. The latter part, ghest, would seem to be identical with the German Geist, English ghost. Some think that 'barghest' is for berg-geist, 'mountain demon"; others refer it to Bär, 'bear,' in allusion to its supposed form.
BARGIEL, biir'gfl, Woldemar (1828-97). A
German composer and teacher of music. He was
born and died in Berlin. He studied music in
Leipzig under Moscheles, Hauptmann, and Gade,
and in 1850 began to teach in Berlin, where he
made a reputation by publishing pianoforte and
orchestral works. In 1859 he was made professor
at the Conservatory of Cologne; in 1865 kapell-
meister and director of music in Rotterdam, and
in 1874 became professor in the Hoehschule für
Musik in Berlin. Bargiel was a devoted fol-
lower of Schumann (he was a stepbrother of
Clara Schumann), and his works, though not
numerous, are highly esteemed. He is best
known by his overtures to Medea and Pro-
metheus, and by his two choruses for female
voices, Spring Night and the XXIII. Psalm.
Consult J. A. Fuller-Maitland, Masters of Ger-
man Music (London, 1894).
BAR'HAM, Richard Harris (1788-1845).
An English humorist, known as 'Thomas In-
gohlsby.' He was born in Canterbury, December
(i, 1788, and died in London. June 17, 1845. He
began to study law, left it for the Church, and
was (U'dained in 1813. In 1821 he was appointed
minor canon of Saint Paul's. London, and three
years later became one of the priests in ordinary
of His Jfajesty's Cha.pel Royal. In 1837 he l)egan,
in Heiitley's Miscellany, the publication of the
Iiifiotdsby Legends, a series of eomic talcs in
irregular verse, by wljich he gained immediate
fame as a humorist. Yet his life was grave and
dignified, and he was held in high honor. Though
a Tory in polities, he was the lifelong friend
of Sydney Smith, the prominent Liberal: and
Theodore Hook was also among his intimates.
He published two novels, Baldwin and My
Cousin Nicholas, and contributed largely to the Edinburgh Review and the Literary Gazette, "His sound judgment and kind heart made him the trusted counselor, the valued friend, and the frequent peacemaker; and he was intolerant of all that was mean, base, and false." For his biography, consult Barham, The Life and Let- ters of the Rev. R. H. Barham (London, 1880).
BAR HAR'BOR. See Mount Desert.
BAR'-HEBRÆ'US (1226-86). A distin-
guished and prolific Arabic and Syriac writer,
whose full name was Gregorius Abulfaraj ibn
Harun. He was born at Malatia in Armenia, and
from the fact that his father Aaron was a Jew
by birth, or, at all events, of Jewish descent, the
son became known as Bar-Hebræus, that is, 'son
of the Hebrew.' Bar-Hebræus himself, however,
was a Christian and an adherent of the Jacobite
sect. At an early age he entered upon the study
of Arabic and Syriac, as well as of philosophy,
theology, and medicine, and acquired such distinc-
tion that he was known among his contem-
poraries as 'the phœnix of the age.' At the age
of 18 he went to Antioch and commenced a
monastic life. Two years later he was made
Bishop of Gubos (near Malatia) and the follow-
ing year was transferred to Lakabhin, another
diocese adjacent to Malatia. There he remained
until 1253, when he was transferred to Aleppo,
though he did not assume full charge until 1258.
He died at Maragha in Azerbaijan on July
30, 1286.
Despite the absorbing duties incident to the charge of a large diocese, Bar-Hebræus manifested an astonishing literary activity, ranging over history, theology, philosophy, grammar, and medicine. Among his theological works, his critical and doctrinal commentary on the entire Bible, which he called the 'storehouse of secrets,' is the most important. Only portions of this compilation have been published. In the realm of philosophy, he compiled an encyclopædic survey of the whole Aristotelian discipline, which he subsequently rewrote in an abridged form. Best known is his great chronicle of universal history, written in Syriac. Beginning with Adam, it is brought down to his own days. The first part of it was published in Leipzig in 1789 by Bruns and Kirsch, and again by Bedjon (Paris, 1890), and the second and third parts by Abbeloos and Lamy (Louvain, 1872-77, 3 vols.). This work was rewritten by Bar-Hebræus in an abridged form in Arabic and published under the title of History of Dynasties, by Pococke, in a Latin translation, Oxford, 1663, and again at Beirut, 1890, by Salhani. His grammatical treatises, which are exceedingly valuable, were published by Abbé Martin in 1872 (Œuvres grammaticales d'Aboul Faradj dit Bar Hebraus, Paris, 1872, 2 vols.). Besides this, there are numerous medical treatises, mostly unpublished, as well as astronomical and cosmographical writings, and also a number of poems and tales.
BARI, bji're.
An archiepiscopal city and flourishing seaport on the Adriatic, in Southern Italy (Map: Italy, L 6). It is the capital of the Province of Bari delle Puglie, and is on the Bologna-Brindisi Railway, 69 miles northwest of Brindisi. The old part of the town, which is on the tongue of land that divides the old harbor from the new, has narrow, crooked, gloomy streets. The new part of the town is on
