land with a whaler about 1784, and from 1786-91 taught mathematics at Greenwich. In 1732 he received an appointment as private secretary and keeper of accounts to Lord llacartney. Am- bassador to China, and availed himself of this opportunity to leani the Cliinese language, and to collect valuable materials afterwards pub- lished in part in the Quarterly Review and in his Travels to China (1804). When Lord Macartney became Governor of Cape Colony, Barrow made extensive excursions in the interior of the country, which he described in liis Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa (2 vols., 1801- 0.3). He returned to London in 1804, and was appointed by Lord Melville Secretary to the Ad- miralty, which post he continued to liold till 1845. He published .4 Voyage to Cochin-China in the Tears l~t'J2 and 1793' (1806) ; The Life of Macartney (2 vols., 1807); A Chronolonical History of Voyages into the Arctic Regions (1818) ; and a series of lives of English naval officers. Under Peel's Ministry, in 1835, he was raised to a baronetcy. In 1845 he retired from public service. Two years afterwards he pub- lished An Autobiographical Memoir (1847) and Sketches of the Royal Society. More than almost any other Englishman of his time, he promoted Arctic discoveries. His name was given to Bar- row Strait, Cape Barro^v, and Point Baj'row. With him also originated the idea of the Royal Geographical Society, founded in 1830, of which he was vice-president till his death.
BARROW-IN-FURNESS. A seaport and
county borough in Lancashire, England, on the
southwestern coast of Furness Peninsula, on the
Irish Sea (Map: England, C 2). It is 8 miles
southwest of Ulverston and 18 miles nortliwest
of Lancaster. Its importance as a great manu-
facturing centre dates from the discovery in 1840
of rich hematite ore in the neighborliood, and
the subsequent establishment of mines and smelt-
ing works. The town is Imilt on a rectangular
plan. The chief of several fine public buildings
is the town hall, and the handsome Gothic Church
of Saint George. The municipalitj' maintains a
public and branch libraries, a school of science
and art; owns its waterworks, gas, and electric
light plants, markets, abattoirs and cemetery.
There are several fine docks, and among the num-
erous industrial establislimcnts are foundries,
engineering works, extensive sliip-building yards,
ship-armor and wire works, jute and paper fac-
tories. Copper as well as iron ore is obtained
in considerable quantities near Barrow. The
chief export trade is pig-iron, steel rails, and ore.
Its imports include timber from Sweden and
Canada, coal from Wales, and preserved provisions from the United States. A large cattle trade is carried on with Belfast. There is regular steam communicntion with Glasgow and Belfast, and the Isle of Man. The town takes its initial name from Barrow Island, a tradi-
tional burial place of Norse rovers, and now the
central point of the harbor and the seat of its
ship-building industries. The interesting and
picturesque ruins of the Twelfth Century Cis-
tercian Abbey of Furness are within 2 miles of
the town ; and there are ruins of an ancient
castle on Piel Island. In 1847, Barrow was a
fishing village of 300 inhabitants. The popula-
tion in 1891 was 51,712; in 1901, 57,584. Con-
sult Richardson, Furness, Past and Present
(Barrow, 1880).
BARROW, Point. See Barrow.
BAR'ROWS, Elijah Porter (1807-88). An
American clergj'nian, educator, and author, born
at Mansfield, Conn. He graduated at Yale in
1826, was ordained in 1832, and from 1835 to
1837 was pastor of the first Free Presbyterian
Church in Xew York City. From 1837 to 1852
he was professor of sacred literature in Western
Reserve College, Ohio, and from 1853 to 1866 pro-
fessor of Hebrew language and literature at the
Andover Theological Seminary. He was appoint-
ed in 1872 to the chair of Hebrew at Oberlin
College, Ohio. The degree of D.D. was conferred
upon him in 1858 by Dartmouth College. He
contributed extensively to the Bibliotheca Sacra,
was an editor of the Bible with Notes of the
American Tract Society, and published a Com-
panion to the Bible (1867); Sacred Geography
and Antiquities (1872) ; and Manners and Cus-
toms of the Jews (1884).
BARROWS, John Henry (1847-1902). An
American clergyman and educator, born at Me-
dina, ilich. He graduated at Olivet College,
Mich., in 1867, studied at Yale, L'nion, and
Andover theological seminaries, and, after hold-
ing pastorates at Lawrence, Mass., and East
Boston, Mass., was pastor of the First Presby-
terian Church of Chicago from 1881 to 1896.
He organized and was president of the unique
World's Parliament of Religions, held at Chi-
cago, in 1893. In 1896-97 he lectured exten-
sively throughout the Indian Empire. He was
Morse I^ecturer at tlie Union Theological Sem-
inary in 1898, and in the same year was elected
president of Oberlin College, Ohio. As a pulpit
orator and occasional speaker, he was widely
and most favorably known. His publications in-
clude a work on Cliristian evidences, The Gospels
Are True Bistories (1890) ; I Believe m God
( 1891 ) , in exposition of that clause of the Apos-
tles' Creed; a History of the World's Parliament
of Religions (2 vols., 1893) ; a Life of Henry
Ward Beecher (1893) ; and The Christian Con-
quest of Asia (Morse Lectures, 1899).
BARROWS, Samuel June (184.5—). An
Anierii'.'in author and philantliropist. He was
born in New York City, May 2G, 1845. After
finishing his school days he learned telegraphy
and shorthand and became a newspaper reporter.
From 1867 to 1869 he was secretary to William
H. Seward; in 1870 and 1871, in the bureau of
rolls and archives. State Department. Washing-
ton; 1871-74, a student in the Harvard Divinity
School, Cambridge. Mass., acting also as Boston
correspondent of the New York Tribune, and in
the summer of 1873 he went in tliis capacity on
the Yellowstone Expedition with Generals Stan-
ley and Custer; and in that of 1874 on the Black
Hills Expedition. In 1874 and 1875 he was a
student in Leipzig; B.D. (Harvard, 1875). In
1876 he became pastor of the First Church (Unitarian), Dorchester, Boston, ]Iass. ; in 1881, editor of The Christian Register, Boston; in 1890. commissioner of the United States onthe International Prison Conunittee. He was a member of the Fifty-fifth Congress (1897-99). and represented the House of Representatives at the Interparliamentary Congress on Arbitration at Brussels (1897)," Christiania (1899), and Paris
(1900). In the autumn of 1900 he became corresponding secretary of the Prison Association of New York. Besides editing the biography of Rev.
