renaissance. Consult Burckhardt, Die Eultitr
di;r f'cnaissance in Itali-en (Leipzig, 1899).
BERCEA. See Berea.
BERO'SUS (Gk. Bvpt^^s, Berosos, probably the Assyr. Bcnlsii). An historian and priest of Belus at Babylon. He was a native of Bithynia and so aeqiainted with Greek. He wrote, about li.c. 280. three hooks on Babylonian history {Ba^vXoifiKd), dedicated to King Antioehus I. Soter, in which he made use of the temple chron- icles at Baljyhni. This work interested especially the Jews and later the Christians for its agree- ment «ith the early Jewish records. It has come down to us only in fragments preserved by Jo- sephus, Eusebius, Syncellus, and others, w-ho, however, drew not directly from Berosus. but from Alexander Polyhistor and Apollodorus. Besides this history, he wrote a special work on Chaldean astrolog.y (XaXSaira). Fragments were edited by Richter (1825); Milller, Fragmenta Historicurum Grwcorum (Paris, 1848) . The work, AntiquiUitum Libri Quinque Cum Vommentariis loannis Annii, first published (Rome, 1498) in Latin as a work of Berosus, was actually written by the Dominican Giovanni Nanni, of Viterho.
BEEQUIN, bur'kax', Arnaud (c.1749-91 ) . A French author; 'born at Langoiran. He won his first success with his L'ami des enfants, 6 vols. (1782-83), which was crowned by the French Academy (1784), and supplied him with a pop- ular surname. He was an editor of the Moiiiteiir, and a contributor to the FeuiUe riUaijeoise. His complete works appeared in Paris in 20 vols. (180.-?).
BERQUIN, Lovis DE (1489-1529). A French Huguenot, born at Passy. He studied law, and was appointed a counselor of Francis I. He was a friend of Erasmus, and having been conspic uous in his defense of the new doctrine, was imprisoned and called upon to retract. Rescued by the intervention of the King, he retired to Amiens, l>ut was again imprisoned, and was burned alive in Paris. He was the first French Protestant martyr. He published Enchiridion vrai du chevalier chretien (1529), and other works.
BERREDO E CASTRO, bar-ra'do, Bernardo Pereira ni (c.liiS01748). A Portuguese histo- rian, born at Serpa. He entered the army and fought at the battle of Saragossa (1710), "where liis bravery gave him the appointment of Gov- ernor-General of the Province of Maranhao. Bra- zil. In 1718 he became Captain-(ieneral of' Maz- agao. This history to which Berredo devoted the rest of his life has acquired great value by reason of the destruction of many of the documents in the Portuguese archives, upon which it was based. It is entitled, Anales historicos, do estado do Marnnhtio, em que se da noticia de sen descobri- mento e tudo o mais. que n'clle se tern succedido disde o anno em que foi descoberto ati 6 de 171S (174!)).
BERRIEN, ber'ri-en. Jonx Macpiierson (1781-18511). An American lawyer and poli- tician. He was born in New Jersey, and gradu- ated at Princeton in 1796. He was judge of the eastern district of Georgia from 1,810 to 1821. was a United States Senator from 1825 to 18291 and again from 1840 to 1852, and was Attorney- General in Jackson's first Cabinet from lti29 until 1831, when he resigned.
BERRUGUETE, ber'r5o-gu'ta, ALF0Xi50 ( 1480- lolil). A Spanish architect, sculptor, and painter, born at Paredes de Nava. He studied in Florence and in Rome, where he worked with Michelangelo. I'pon his return to Spain he was appointed director of all the building enterprises of the Crown, as well as first Court jiainter and sculptor. His principal architectural works are the town hall of Seville and the royal palace at Granada. As a sculptor he is best known for his "Transfiguration" in the Toledo Cathedral, and as a painter lie is well represented by his canvases at Salamanca and Valladolid.
BER'RY, or BERRI (anciently, Lat. Bitu- rica, inhabited by the Bituriyes, a Gallic tribe). One of the old French provinces, now forming the departments of Indre and Cher. In ancient times it formed part of Aquitania, and pas.sed under the domination of the Franks in the Si.xth Century. Later it enjoyed its independence un- der a line of hereditary" counts. In 1300 it was made a duchy, and in l"601 annexed by the French Crown. It gave title at various times to French princes, the younger son of Charles X. being the last to hold it.
BERRY (AS. berie, berige, Ger. Beere, Goth.
- hasi in Weinnhasi, grape, literally 'wine-berry;'
probably originally -edible fruit,'" cf. Skr. bhas. to chew) . A fleshy fruit which is pulpy through- out and has a thin skin; such as the grape, cur- rant, tomato, etc. See Fruit.
BER'RY, Fr. pron. ba're'. Charles Ferdi- xaxd. Due de (1778-1820). The .second son of the Conite d'Artois who later became Charles X. of France. He was born in Versailles, Janu- ary 24, 1778. An emigre of the Revolution, he served under Conde until the armistice of Leo- ben, when he entered the Russian service. After liis discharge he visited England and married a iliss Brown, whom he soon abandoned on the ground that Louis XVIII. disapproved of the marriage. In 1815 he was appointed to an im- jiortant post by the King, and in 18 It! he married Marie Caroline Ferdinande Louise. Duchess of Naples. One daughter. Louise ilarie Ther^se d'Artois, was born of this marriage in 1819, and a posthumous son, Henri, on September 29, 1820. The father was assassinated in Februarj', 1820, by one Louvel. Henri, at first styled Due de Bordeaux and later Comte de Chambord, was lieir to the French throne after the death of Charles X., but though called Henri V. by his partisans, he was excluded from the throne by the July Revolution of 1830. His mother, a woman of great ambition and courage, entered into a project for reinstating the Bourbons, but she was arrested after landing in France in 1832, and was imprisoned in the citadel of Blaye. Her confession that she had formed a second marriage with the Neapolitan Marquis Lucchesi-Palli de- stroyed her political importance, and she was set at liberty. She died in 1870. Henri died with- out heirs in 1883. Consult: Chateaubriand, Memnires sur le due de Berrg (Paris. 1820), which is royalist and eulogistic in tone; and Chateaubriand, Complete Works, Vol. Ill (Paris, 1834).
BER'RY, Hiram George (1824-03). An American soldier. He was born in Thomaston (now Rockland), Maine, and in early life served several terms in the State Legislature. At the beginning of the Civil War he joined the Union
