King Edgar. Consult Kolbling, in Ellis's EarTy Enylish Metrical Romances (1885-94).
BEWICK, bulk, Thomas (1753-1828). An
English engraver, the founder of modern wood-
engraving. He was born at Cherryburn House,
near Newcastle-on-Tyne, August 12, 1753. and
was in 1767 apprenticed to Ralph Beilby at New-
castle. The most important tasks were soon
assigned to the talented lad. His first work of
importance was a series of cuts for children's
books, the best of which appeared in the 1775
edition of Gay's Fables. At the close of his ap-
prenticeship in 1776, he went to London, but
soon returned to Newcastle, where he formed a
partnership with Beilby. His most important
productions of the following years were another
edition of Gay's Fables (1779) and Select
Fables (1784). " In these works his designs were
based on previous prints, upon which, however,
he greatly improved. He obtained a fine oppor-
tunity to follow his own designs in the General
History of Quadrupeds (1790). At this time he
also engraved what is regarded by many as his
masterpiece, a large print entitled "The Chilling-
ham Bull" (1789), His greatest work, however,
is the History of British Birds (2 vols., 1797,
1804), in which he displays a close and admirable
observation of nature, coupled vith intense
humor and pathos. Excellent also are his cuts
for the History of English Fishes, a work which
he did not live to complete; they appeared in the
eighth edition of British Birds' ( 1847 ) . A num-
ber of works were executed by his pupils under
his supervision, but the only one of importance
was an edition of Æsop's Fables (1818) , in which
he was assisted by his son Roljert. His last work,
entitled "Waiting for Death," represents on old
worn-out horse, with great pathos and truth. He
died November 8, 1828, at Newcastle. Bewick's
important place in the history of art is due to
the fact that he, more than any other man, was
instrumental in the modern revival of wood-
engraving, which had sunk into disuse. He was
one of the first to cut into the end of the block
instead of the side, as was the ancient practice,
and, more important than this, he was the in-
ventor of the white line, the essential feature of
modern engraving, in which the design is cut into
the block instead of being left standing (see
WooD-ExGBAVixG ) . Consult his own Memoir
(London, 1846), and especially Thomson, Life
and Works of Bewick (ib., 1882) ; Dobson, Be-
wick and His Pupils (ib., 1884). The British
JIuseum possesses an admirable collection of his
prints, presented by his sister.
BEWLEY, bfi'll, AxTUONY (1804-60). An
American clergyman and abolitionist. He wag
born in Tennessee, began preaching in that State
as a minister of the Methodist Church in 1829,
and in 1843 entered the Missouri Conference.
When the Church divided on the slavery- question,
he adhered to neither side, but preached independ-
ently and earned his living by manual labor. In
1848 the Church was organized in Missouri, and
he came back to its service. In spite of the uni-
versal persecution of 'abolition preachers,' he was
throughout a vigorous assailant of slavery. In
1858 he was sent to Texas, but was soon driven
out by threats of violence. In 1860. however, he
returned to the work, saying to protesting
friends: "Let them hang or burn me if they
choose; a hundred will rise out of my ashes."
'ithin a few weeks he was again compelled lo
leave Texas. After he had gone a reward of
$1000 was offered for his apprehension, and he
was kidnapped in Missouri, hurried back to
Texas, and hanged at Fort Worth by an infuri-
ated mob.
BEX (Lat. bis, twice, double -f- OF. ax, Lat.
aqua, water; referring to the junction of the
Rhone and Avancon). A picturesque village in
the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland, situated on the
Avangon, a tributary of the Rhone, about 26
miles southeast of Lausanne (Map: Switzer-
land, B 2 ) . It is remarkable for its extensive
salt-mines, salt-works, and sulphur baths. These
baths and the mild climate have given the town
some vogue as a watering-place. Population, in
1900, 4600.
BEXAB, ilfex. Span, ba-ar', Castilian Span.
ba-Har', San Antonio de. See San Antosio.
BEX'HILL. A progressive town and seaside
resort in Sussex, England, on the English Chan-
nel, 5% miles west of Hastings (Map: England,
G 6). It owns the electric lighting plant, and a
cemetery, and maintains a kursaal, or amusement
pavilion of the German type. Population, in
1891, 5200; in 1901, 12,200.
BET, ba, or BEG (Turk, beg, pronounced
ba ) . A title, rather vague in its import, com-
monly given, in Turkey, to superior military
officers, ship-captains, and distinguished foreign-
ers. Jlore strictly, it applies to the governor of
a small district, who bears a horse-tail as a sign
of his rank. The governor of Tunis has this
title. Beglerbeg, or Beylerbeg, 'lord of lords,' is
the title given to the governor of a province,
who bears three horse-tails as his badge of honor
and has authority over several beys, agas, etc.
BEYEB, bi'er, Samuel Walker (1865 — ).
An American geologist and mining engineer. He
was born at Clearfield, Pa., and graduated at the
Iowa State College in 1889. Afterwards he be-
came a member of the Iowa Geological Survey,
and in 1897 was sent as a delegate to the Interna-
tional Geological Congress held at Saint Peters-
burg. His publications include: The Sioux
Quartzite and Certain Associated Rocks; Geol-
ogy of Boone, Marshall, Story, and Hardin Coun-
ties, Iowa.
BEYEBEN, bi'er-en, Abraham van. See
Beijeeen, Abraham van.
BEYLE, bal, Marie Henbi. See Stendhal.
BEYLEBBEG SEBAI, ba'ler-beg' sJ-ri' (Turk, beylerbeg, prince of princes + sarai, At. seray, saraya. Hind, serai, Pers. serai', palace, court; see Bet), A magnificent summer palace in Constantinople, built by Abdul-Aziz on the Bosporus in 1865, It is a fine example of the Moorish style of architecture, the staircase and saloons being especially noteworthy.
BEYOND' THE GATES. A speculative
romance by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps (Ward)
(1883).
BEYBICH, bi'rlK, Heinrich Ebnst (1815-96). A German paleontologist and geologist, born in Berlin. He became professor of geology and paleontology at the university in that city, and was associate director of the Prussian Geological Survey. As part of his administrative
