Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/261

BOGOMILES. 229 BOGOTA. inercy,' may perhaps refer to the frequency of their prayers; but more likely it comes from Bogomil, the name of their founder. The basis of their creed was as follows: Out of the eternal divine essence or being sprang two prin- ciples — Satanael and Logos ; the former, at first good, afterwards rebelled, and created in oppo- sition to the original spiritual universe a world of matter and human beings. These human be- ings, however, received from the Supreme Father a life-spirit; but this was kept in slavery by Satanael until the Logos or Christ came down from heaven, and, assuming a phantom body, broke the power of the evil spirit, who was hence- forth called only Satan. The Bogomiles, like all similar sects, practiced a severe asceticism, despised images, and rejected the sacraments. Instead of baptism, they placed their hands and an apocryphal Gospel of Saint John on the head of the neophyte, singing at the same time the Lord's Prayer, which they repeated seven times during the day and five times during the night. They accepted the whole of the Xew Testament, but of the Old Testament only the Psalms and Prophets, which they interpreted allegorieally. In 1118 that vehement hater of heretics, Alexius Comnenus, burned their leader Basilius. Per- secution, however, did not put an end to the Bogomiles, and at the time of the llohammedan conquest of Bosnia (Fifteenth Century), we find that the greatest number of the renegade Chris- tians who embraced the religion of the conquer- ors belonged to this sect. There are some Bogo- miles even at the present day. Consult Heard, The Russian Church and Russian Dissent (New York. 1SS7). BOGORODSK, bo'gS-rfitsk'. The chief town of a district in the Government of Moscow, Russia, 52 miles east-northeast of the city of Moscow, on the Klyazma, and on a branch of the Moscow and Nizhni-Xovgorod Railway (Map: Russia, E 3). It carries on a prosperous trade in silk and cotton fabrics, produced in the mills of the district, and in woolens, brandies, and liquors manufactured in the to^vn. Population, in 1888, 2470; in 1897, 11,200. BOGOS, bo'goz. An Abyssinian tribe inhab- iting the highlands north of Abyssinia, about Keren. They speak a Hamitic language called Bilin, which is akin to the Agau, though Tigre is very generally understood among them. Their name, Bogos, means 'robber.' They are slightly above the medium stature, rather robust, and in color reddish-brown, betraying an admixture of negro and other blood. Primarily they be- long to the Hamitic group. They are largely nomadic and pastoral. Xominally the Bogos are Christians, but the Christian religion has no very strong hold upon them. Their territory was for a long time an object of dispute between Egypt and the Abyssinian kings. It now forms a part of the Italian colony of Eritrea. For an account of the Bogos, consult: Munzinger, Ost- afrikanische Htudien (SchafThausen, 1804) ; Brin- ton, Races and Peoples (New York, 1890). BOGOSLOV, bo'gfi-slAf. A volcanic islet off the northwest coast of Unalaska in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, U. S. It was formed by a volcanic upheaval in the year 1796. It is a haunt of sea-liona. BOGOTA, bo'gd-ta' (under Spanish rule Santa F6 de Bogota). The capital of Colombia and an archiepiscopal city situated on a plateau, 8700 tcet above sea-level, at the western base of the Guadalupe and Monserrate mountains, in tlie eastern Cordillera of the Andes (Map: Co- lombia, C 3). The plateau is surrounded by high mountains on all sides, except to the southwest, where the river Bogoti or Funcha cuts a nar- row channel through a rocky precipice, on its way to the Magdalena, and 14 miles from the city leaps from a height of over 475 feet, forming what is called the fall of Tequendama. The climate of Bogota is moist and moderate, the temperature varying between 57° and 61° F., with two rainy seasons each year. The citj' is regularly laid out, is rhoniboidal in. shape, and occupies an area of 6 square miles, measuring 3'^ miles from north to south, and half that length from east to west. The city is divided into four parts by the San Francisco and San Augustin rivers, which are crossed by twenty bridges. The streets cross at right angles, are broad, well paved, and well shaded. Around the principal square, la Plaza de la Constitucion, or de Bolivar, are the Government buildings and the cathedral, a magnificent edifice in the Corinthian style. In the middle is the bronze statue of Bolivar by Pedro Tenerani. The city possesses two theatres, a museum of natural his- tory and antiquities, a national university, a public library of more than 50,000 volumes, a mint, and an obser-atory. The n'useum and library are situated in a former Jesuit monas- tery. The museum contains many interesting specimens of Inca civilization, and thelibrary has a rich collection of plants and national litera- ture. There are many churches and convents, and in the former may be found paintings by Murillo, Spagnoletto, and Vasques. The city is governed by a municipal council that elects the mayor and also the police inspectors of the wards (barrios), while one of the President's secretaries is the governor of the department. Besides the national university there are col- leges and schools giving instruction to more than 10,000 children of both se.xes. There are about forty periodicals of all sorts, and the city ranks among the foremost in South America for culture and education. BogotS suflfers much from its lack of communication, but this is being remedied by governmental iniprovement of the roads and rivers throughout the country. A railway from Girardot on the Magdalena to Bo- gota is under course of construction. There is rail connection with Facatativft (25 miles) , Zii)aquira (37 miles), and Soacho (7 miles). The city com- municates with Honda and La Dorada on the Mag- dalena by mule paths, and a projected railway is to connect it with the Orinoco Basin. The indus- tries of the city are not numerous, but include the manufacture of cloth, carpets, matches, glass, cor- dage, and porcelain. A large part of the import trade for points farther in the interior passes through Bogot:'i. The exports of the interior also find tlieir point of distribution here. The district north and east of Bogota is rich in coal, iron, lime- stone, sand, manganese, and fireclay. .t Zipaqui- ra, nortli of Bogota, are large salt mines, worked by the Government, which .supply nearly all of Co- lombia with salt and are a gieat source of reventie. Bogota was settled in 1538 by the Spaniards under Gonzalo .Jimenez de Quesada, on the site of Tensaquillo. but then called Santa Ff", after the founder's birthplace. In 1598 it became the