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BOURBOXJLE. 369 BOURDON DE L'OISE. mont. It is noted for its mineral thermal springs and is visited annually by over 7000 persons. Its bottled waters constitute a thriv- ing export industry. Its picturesque situation amid some of the finest scenery of ancient Au- verjnie adds to its attractiveness. Population, in lOOl. of town. 1404: of commune, 1947. BOURCHIER, boor'chi-er, Fr. proii. boor'- shyu', Abtiiub (1804 — ). An English actor and manager. He was born at Speen, Berkshire, and educated at Eton and O.xford. While at the university he won distinction as an amateur actor, and in 1880 he went upon the profes- sional stage, playing with Mrs. Langtry, at Wol- verhampton, as Jaques in An You Like It, in which he appeared in London the next year at the Saint James Theatre. Later he played for a time at the Criterion. In March, 1892, "he was at tlie Shaftesbury Theatre, in his own play of Mr. Richards. Soon afterwards he joined Au- gu^tin Daly's company and went to America, re- turning early in 1893 to play at Daly's London theatre, where he had the role of Robin Hood in Tennyson's Foresters. In 1894 he married Miss Violet Vanbrngh, a talented actress, who Las continued upon the stage with her husband. In the fall of 1895 he took the Royalty Theatre, producing among the plays The Chili Widow, an adaptation of his own, which ran for over 300 nights. Subsequently he appeared in leading parts at the Garriek. Strand, and Court thea- tres, and with Charles Wvndham, at Wynd- ham's Theatre. Then, as Wyndham's partner at the Criterion, he helped to' bring out His Ex- cellency the Governor, and Lady Etinticorth's Experiment. He has since taken the Garriek Theatre, producing J. M. Barrie's plav The TTcrf- dina (rtiest (1900). BOURDALOTJE, boor'da'loo', Louis (1632- 1704). One of the greatest pulpit orators of France. He was born at Bourges. August 20, 1632, and after having, at the age of sixteen, entered the order of Jesuits, obtained in succession the chairs of humanity, rhetoric, philosophy, and theological ethics in the academy of his native place. He showed a great capacity for science, but his remarkable powers of eloquence led his superiors finally to determine upon employing him as a preacher. Disdaining the inflated style prevalent among the tasteless pulpit orators of his time, he assailed with manly vigor and truly religious earnestness the passions, weaknesses, and errors of men. The dignity of his manner and the fire of his eloquence made him famous even when the public mind was occupied with the festivities of Versailles, the victories of Turenne, and the literary masterpieces of Cor- neille and Racine. At the Court of Louis XW. he was remarkably well received. After the revocation of the Edict of Xantes (KiS.i) he was sent to Montpellier to convert the Protes- tants. Bourdaloue particularly understood how to accommodate his eloquence to the minds of those whom he addressed. Simple among the simple, a dialectician among ecclesiastics, he was equally a favorite with the common people and with the learned and the great. He was also much esteemed and Iwloved as a man and in all circumstances maintained unimpcached a high reputation for candor and honesty. In the later years of his life he relinquished the pulpit and devoted his time to hospitals, prisons, and pious institutions. Ue died in Paris, May 13, 1704. How thoroughly his religious sentiments were governed by the theological tenets of his Church may be perceived from these remark- able words which he uttered on his death- bed: "It is highly reasonable that God be fully satisfied; and at least in purgatory I will suffer with patience and with love." His Sermons and .Moral Discourses appeared in English translation (Dublin, 3d cd., 185.5), also his Married Life: Its Obligations, Triali, etc. (London, 1897) ; sev- eral French editions of his works have been pub- lished, e.g. Collection universelle des orateurs sacres. Vols. XIV.-XVL, reprint of Francois Bre- tonneau's edition (latest edition, Paris, 1891, 6 vols.). For his biogi-aphy, consult: Anatole Feug&re, Bourdaloue, sa predication ct son temps (Paris, 1874. 5th ed., 1889) ; M. Lousas (Paris, 1881, 2 vols.) : and L. Pouthe (Paris, 1900) ; also J. B. E. Tousserat, Etude genealogique sur les Bourdaloue (Paris, 1900). BOURDEILLES, boor'da'y'. See Brantome. BOURDON, boor'duN' (Fr., It. hordone. a humming, a buzzing, a drone; Med. Lat. hurdo, drone; cf. Eng. burden, refrain of a song). In music, a drone bass produced by a bagpipe or hurdy-gurdy: also an organ-stop, consisting of stopped wooden pipes, usually of 16-feet tone. BOURDON, StB.STiEN (1616-71). A French painter, born in ilontpellier. He studied in Paris under a mediocre artist named Barthglemy, and painted frescoes in Bordeaux. In Rome from 1634 to 1636 he carefully studied the works of the Carraeci, and copied old masters for a dealer. After his return to Paris he firmly established his reputation by his "Martyrdom of Saint Peter" (Louvre Gallei-y), and became one of the ten original members of the Acade- my of Painting. In 1652-53 he was in Sweden as Court painter, and subsequently was rector of the Academy of Painting. He is known chiefly as an historical painter, but he worked also in other styles. His paintings are generally brilliant and of large grasp, but sometimes lack care in drawing and are dull in color. They further include "Descent from the Cross" (Louvre) : "Julius Cssar Before the Tomb of Alexander" (Louvre) ; "Group of Merchants" (Museum of The Hague) ; and "Return of the Ark from Captivity" (National Gallery, Lon- don). BOURDON DE L'OISE, boor'dOx' de hvilz', Fb..cois Lofis. A notorious character of the French Revolution. He was born in the middle of the Eighteenth Centuiy, at Saint-Remy, near Compifegne, and became a procurator in the Parlement of Paris. He participated in the storming of the Tuilcries on August 10. 1792. He shortly afterwards obtained a seat in the Convention by a trick which, though subsequent- ly discovered, did not lead to his ejection. Bour- don de rOise contributed much to bring about the execution of Louis XVI., the in.surrec- tion of May 31, and the destruction of the Girondists. He was sent to La Vendee, where, however, he loudly condemned the Revolutionary cruelties and assumed the attitude of a moder- ate. Obnoxious on this account to Robespierre and Hf-bert. and fearing for his head, he urged with the greatest eagerness the overthrow of the Terrorists on the 9th Tliermidor (July 27), 1794. From this time forth Bourdon de I'Oise showed himself an enemy of the clubs and a