Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/748

BULOW. 666 BULRUSH. lost his entire fortune. Upon his return to Berlin he wroto his principiil work, Dcr Ocist des neuen Krirgnnystcms (IT'.'S; 3d ed., 1835), which created a "rcat sensation. Afterwards he lived in London (where he was imprisoned for debt) and in Paris, whence he was banislied in 1804. In consequence of his extremely satir- ical work entitled Per Fcldzug von ISOo (I>eip- zig, 1800), he was imprisoned at the request of the Russian CJovernnicnt, tirst in Berlin, then in Kollierjr, and (inally in Kiga, where he is said to have died in great misery. By his admirable writings on military tactics he greatly furthered "the science of war. BULOW, FaiEDRicii Wii.iiklm, Baron von. Count von Dc-nnewitz ( IVSo-lSUi) . A Prussian general in the War of Liberation, brother of the preceding. He was born at Kalkenberg, and entered the army in his fourteenth year. In 1S13 Billow was the Prussian commander in the first successful encounter with the French at Miickern (April .5), and later at Halle. His victories over Oudinot at Grossbeeren and Ney -at Dennewitz saved Berlin and inllicted severe loss on the enemy. He acted a conspicuous part in the battle of Leipzig, and by taking posses- sion (if ^lontmartre finished the campaign of 1S14. The King acknowledged his services by an es- tate worth .$1.50,000 and the title of Count von Dennewitz. In the campaign of 181.5 he joined Bliichcr by forced marches, and headed the col- umn that first came to the aid of Wellington at Waterloo. He was made a Knight of the Black Eagle, and after Waterloo a Prussian regiment received his name. He died in Kiinigsberg, February 2.5, ISlti. A marble statue to his memory wa^ erected in Berlin. BULOW, Hans Gutdo von (1830-94). A German pianist and conductor, born in Dresden. He studied the jjianoforte under Friedrich Wieck, and harmony and counterpoint under F.berwein and IIau])tmann. In 1848 he entered the Uni- versity of Leipzig to study law. but the next year went "to Berlin, and :ifter hearing a performance of Lohenfirht. conducted by Liszt in Weimar in 18.50, he resolved to make music his profession, much to the disappointment of his father, Eduard von Billow, a litterateur of reputation. He jjlaced himself under Wagner in Zurich; but subsequent- ly went to Weimar to study the pianoforte with Liszt. In 1853 and 1855 he made concert tours in Gernianv and Austria with moderate success. In ]S55-()4" he was principal instructor of the pianoforte in the Conservatmy of Berlin, where he organized symphony and chamber concerts, and contributed" musical articles to the press to advance the theories of Liszt and Wagner, and also edited the yciie Zeiisclirift fiir Musik. In 1804 he became director of the conservatory and conductor of the royal opera in ]lnnich, where he conducted the first ])erformances of Wagner's Trixlan und Inoldc and J>ic Meistrrsiinier. In 18(;!t the relations of his wife (t;osinia Liszt, whom he had married in 1857) with Wagner comiielled him to leave her. This personal wrong did not in any way affect his worship of Wagner the musician, although he never wanted to meet again Vagner the man. He .settled in Florence, and until 1872 gave numerous concerts to spread German music in Italy. -Afterwards lie went to Ixindon, and in 1875-70 visited the United States. Subsequently he was conductor of various orches- tras in Germany, and again visited .America in 1880 and 1890. " He died in Cairo. Billow was one of the greatest pianists of his century, and his fame as a conductor was equally gieat. His per- formances were characterized by the complete sinking of his ovn personality in the genius of whatever master he was interpreting and by at- tention to minutest details. His memory was extraordinary: lie jilayed and conducted every- thing without notes, although his repertory in- cluded all the important literature for the piano- forte and orchestra. He was, perhaps, the most erudite of musicians, and his scholarly attain- ments extended beyond his profession. 'on Biilow was the greatest authority on Beethoven, and published a valuable edition of his pianoforte works. He also made pianoforte transcriptions from Wagner, Liszt, and Berlioz. His original compositions include: Music to Shakespeare's Julius. Cwsar, op. 10: Des Hiiuriers Flucft, bal- lad for orchestra on Uhland's poem. op. 10: and Nirwami. a 'syniphouisches Stimiiiungshild,' for orchestra, op. 20. His Letters (3 vols., 1895-08) were published bv his widow, English transla- tion by C. Baelie (1st vol., 1897). Consult Pfeilfer, Studien bei Hans von Biilow (Berlin, 1 804 ) . BULOW, IvABL Eduard vox (1803-53). A German author. He was born at Berg vor Eilenburg, and was educated at the University of Leipzig. His literary fame rests chielly upon his XoveHeiihuvli (1834-30), which contains 100 novels, based on older specimens in Italian, Spanish, French, German, English, and Latin. This publication was followed by several others of a similar character. BULOW, Makgarete vo. (1860-84). A Ger- man novelist. She was bom in Berlin, and spent her early years partly in Thuringia and partly in Smyrna, where her father was Prus- sian consul. She was drowned in the Rummels- burger Lake, near Berlin, while endeavoring to save the life of a boy who had broken through the ice while skating. Iler novels, several of which attained a rapid popularity, include the following: ovelleu (1885); Xeue Xovellen (1890) ; Jonas Briccius (1886) ; BeiT im House (1880). BULOZ, h'W, Fraxcoi-s (1803-77). A French editor. He was bom at 'ulbens, in Haute Savoie, settled in Paris, and became a proofreader and translator. In 1831 he took charge of the Ifevue des Deux Mondes, which had been established two years before. This bi- monthly, probably the most celebrated review in the world, he edited with conspicuous ability until his death. He also conducted the lierue de Paris from 1835 to 1845. During the ten years 1838-48 he was director of the ComOdie Francaise. BULRUSH (so called from its large size). A popular name for large rushlikc or reedlike plants growing in marshes. Some authors em- ploy it in a restricted sense as the designation of plants of the genus Typha, also known as cat- tail or reed-mace. It is perhaps more commonly restricted to large species of the genus Scirpus, also called club-rush, and particularly to Scirpus lacuslris, a common plant, found in all the north- ern parts of the world, growing about the muddy margins of lakes and ponds, with a creeping root and round stems varj'ing from 2 to 10 feet in