Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/874

CABLEWAY. 770 CABOT. main cable a carriage runs, being draw-n back ami forth by an endless rope passing around suitable sheaves* at the tower-tops and oiierated l>y a s]ie- cial hoisting-engine mounted at the bottom of one of the towers. From the same engine a hoisting or fall rope passes to the top of the engine lower and thence tlirough the fall-rojie carriers to the carriage, where it connect-s with a fall block by means of which the load is hoisted. The fall-rope carriers have already been described. The operation of the cableway is as follows: The carriage is run out on the main cable to a point directly over the place from which the load is to be picked up: the fall block is then lowered by running out tlic fall rope, and when it reaches tile ground the load is attached; the fall rope is then hauled in, raising the load high enough to clear obstructions, and, finally, the carriage is hauled to the point of the main cable directly over the place where the load is to be deposited, and the fall rope then runs out, lowering the load io the ground. In work such as canal excava- tion, for example, where the purpose is simply to hoist the load of earth or rock, convey it to the bank, and deposit it as quickly as possible, the discharge of the load is effected in mid-air by special meclianism. In other cases the towers earrving the cables are mounted on wheels so that the whole cableway plant may be moved easily from one position to another. The traveling cableway is particularly adapted to canal work, where the towers are placed on opposite banks, with the cables spanning the channel, and are moved along the banks as the excavation progresses. C'ableways are built of varying capacities and lengths of span, depending in each case upon the work which they are re- quired to perform. They are sometimes, though seldom, used for passenger traffic. Mr, Spencer Miller, the inventor of the Miller cableway, places the following limitations on the practical applications of cableways: Span (single), 2000 feet; load, 25 tons; speed of travel, 1800 feet per minute: and speed of hoist, 900 feet jier minute. The average practice, however, is about as fol- lows: Span, 000 to 1200 feet; loads, 3 to 7 tons; speed of travel, 500 to 1000 feet per minute; speed of hoist. 150 to 300 feet per minute. The files of the engineering journals and the excellent printed matter prepared by manufacturers of cableways should be consulted for further information on this subject, CABLING. The cylindrical molding by which the hollows in the flutes of columns and pilasters are sometimes partially filled, though seldom be- yond the third part of the height from the ground, CABOCHED, kti-bosht', or CABOSHED (OF. caboche, It. ciipocrhia. knob, from cdjio, Lat. ca- put, head). An heraldic term, denoting the head of an animal, borne without an}' part of the neck, and cxhildtcd fiill face. CABOCHIENS, k;Vb<*.'shy:-iN'. A political fac- tion in I'aris. in the reign of Charles VII., named from one of the leaders, Simon Caboche. It com- prised a large nundier of members of the butchers' trade, and was organized in the years 1411-13, to obtain reforms from the royal Government, and to aid the party of Burgundy against the Arma- gnacs. Many Government ofiicials sympathized with the Cai)ochiens. They became quite pow- erful by the year 1413, organizing the I'aris mi- litia, exercising a general supervision of trade, and by a series of riots in the same year forcing Charles VII. to recognize their demands by let- ters patent. As a result, the Cabocliiens re- formed the whole royal administration; but a re- action occurred, the Armagnacs gained the up])er hand, the Duke of Burgundy lied from Paris, and the fortunes of the Cabochiens waned, in 1416 the guild of butchers was abolished and their privileges annulled. CABOOL, ka-bool'. See Kabul. CABOT, krib'ot, Georoe (I751-1S23), An American politician. He was born in Salem, Mass.; studied for two years at Harvard Col- lege, and then went to sea and became a captain before reaching his majority. He was chosen to the Massachusetts Provincial Congress in 1775; was also a member of the State Constitutional (Convention, and was United States Senator from 1791 to 1796. When the office of Secretary of the Navy was created, in 1798, he was appointed to it by President Adams, but lie declined to serve, though he actually held the otlicc for a month and thus became the first head of the Navj Department. In 1814 he was elected president of the famous Hartford Convention (q.v. ). Con- sult Henry Cabot I,odge. Life and Letters of deonjc Cahot (Boston, 1877), CABOT, John (14.50-98). An Italian navi- gator sailing under the English flag. His na- tive name was Giovanni Caboto, and he was. born in Genoa. He removed to Venice at an early age, acquired citizenship there, and traded thence to all the important Aleditcrrancan ports. About 1490 he removed to England, and settled in Bristol. If, as has been stated without any convincing historical authority, he was engaged by King Henry VII. to settle certain difliculties between the Danish Government and the English merchant-factors resident in that country, he nuist have acquired a position of .some conse- quence. On March 5, 1496, he secured from King Henry VII. letters patent autliorizing him to take possession of any lands he might dis- cover. He sailed in May, 1497, and on June 24, after a rough passage, landed on the North American coast, probably near Cajie Breton. He returned to England, where he landed on -August 10, and was rewarded by the King with the post of Great Admiral. He began innne- diately to prepare for a second voyage, with the purpose of exploring and colonizing the new- foinid land. Several Bristol merchants cooper- ated to fit out a fleet, equipped with every- thing needed for the complete exploitation of .a new country. Cabot set sail with five vessels in the spring of 1498. One of the ships put back and landed on the Irish coast, whence the crew returned to England with the news that the fleet had rini into a severe storm, which had forced them to make for land. No further news was ever received of the fate of the discoverer or of his ex])edition. A number of early narratives, which are sometimes said to refer to this I49S voyage, and speak of Cabot as sailing along the whole North American coast, from Florida to New- foundland, probably describe a voyage made by Sebastian Cabot. CABOT, Sebastian (1475-1557). An English navigator, born in Venice. He was one of the three sons of .Tohn Cabot, his brothers being Lewis and Sanctus. There is no conlempoiary