Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/119

CAMPANINI. 93 CAMPBELL. Milazzo. Having discovered during the cam- paign that lie had a line voice, he studied sing- ing in I'arnia, and made his first aiipearauce as the notary in La .Sonnuiiihiila iu liis native town. He sang with iudili'erent success in va- rious opera companies until 1S(J9. In that year he went to JHlan and placed himself under the tuition of the celebrated Francesco Lamperti. After a thorough training he made his debut in Faust at La Scala of iHlan, aud was pronounced by a critical audience to be one of the finest tenors of the age. In 1872 he made his London debut as Genaro, in Lucrezia Borgia, and in 1873 sang with Christine Xilsson in New York. He was heard in the United States during several subsequent seasons and became the most popular operatic tenor of his day in the country. En- dowed with a true tenor voice of gi-eat power and sweetness, he was equally equipped to sing lyric and dramatic parts : but he shone especial- ly in roles demanding manly passion and fervor, e.g. those of A'ida, Carmen, The Huguenots, and Faust. He was also a notable Lohengrin. His repertoire included nearly 100 ojjeras and ora- torios. In later years, partly owing to an afflic- tion of the throat, his voice failed: but his fine method of producing it and his intelligent sing- ing and acting kept him high in popular favor until a few years before his death. He died in Vigatto, near Parma. CAMPAN'ULA (Med. Lat, dim. from Late Lat. vuini, ijiKi, bell). A genus of plants of the order Campanulacea;, distinguished by a bell- shaped corolla with five broad segments. The species number nearly 300 and they are found mostly in the higher latitudes of the northern hemisphere, at high elevations in tempei-ate re- gions, and about the ilediterranean Sea. The species are mostly herbaceous and are grouped as annuals, biennials, and perennials. The flow- ers are blue, violet, or white, and many are cul- tivated as border plants. The name bell-flower or bellwort is given to many, and is some- times e.Ktendcd to include all the species. One of the most common is the bellflower. Campanula rotundifolia, a perennial species indigenous to America, Europe, and Siberia. For illustration, see Plate of Cahelli., etc. The Canterbury bell, Campanula medium, is a biennial species fre- quently cultivated. It will flower the first season if sown early and transplanted. Among annual species in cultivation are Campanula erinus. Campanula macrostgla, and Campanula Ameri- cana. Campanula pgramidalis with blue, lilac, or white flowers. Campanula glomerata with pale- blue flowers, and Campanula murialis are all worthy of cultivation. Formerly medicinal prop- erties were ascribed to some species, and the name throatwort was given to Campanula trache- lium in England, where it was held valuable in some allVclions iif the throat. CAMPAN'ULA'CEJE (Neo-Lat., from Med. Lat. campanula, little bell), Bt.rEHELL Family. A natural order of dicotyledonous plants, the spe- cies of which number about 1000. embraced in 59 genera. They are mostly herbaceous, a few only being trees or shrubs, and are character- ized by alternate exstipulate leaves and usually by a bitter latex. The inflorescence is usually racemose; the flowers regular, .5-parted; and the fruit a capsule or berry. The flowers of most of the species are comparatively large, but in Phyteuma and .Ta-ione they are small and massed in heads like the CompositiC. The C'ani- pauulaceie are mostly found in the temperate and colder climates of the northern hemisphere and the flowers of many are quite ornamental. The fruits of one member of the family (Canarina campa)iula} which grows in the Canary Islands are edible. The chief genera are Campanula, Phyteuma, Jasione, and Lobelia. CAMPAN'tTLA'RIA (Xeo-Lat., from Med. Lat. cainpiinuhi. little bell). A 'bell-hydroid' of the siphonophorous family Campanularida;, common about tide-covered rocks, and character- ized by having the ""hydroid heads inclosed in a calyx, [and] the medusie, if free, with gonads on radial canals" (Davenport). These are known as bell-hydroids. and are numerous, the genus Obelia being specially common and well repre- sented on the .Xew England coast. See illustra- tion under Ai,terx.tiox of Gexer.vtions. CAMPARDON, kiixpardOx', Emile (1S34 — ). A French author, born in Paris. He was educated at the Ecole des Chartes, and later be- came chief of a department in the Xational Archives. In this capacity he utilized a great number of documents in the preparation of his literary works, all of which are distinguished by marked originality and by a profound know^l- odge of the n;en and affairs of the Eighteenth Ontury. The follo^ving are a few of his princi- pal publications: Histoire du tribunal revolu- tionnaire de Paris (2 vols., 1801); Marie An- toinette a la coiicirrgerie (18f)2): Madame de Pompadour et la cour de Louis XV. ( 1867) ; Vol- taire, documents incdits (1880); L'academie roijale de m unique au XVIJle siecle. CAMPASPE, krim-piis'pe. A river of 'ic- toria, Australia, which flows north through Dal- housie Coimty and joins the ilurray at Ecliua (Map: Victoria. D 3). The plains along its lower (ourse are well cultivated. Length, about 120 miles. CAMPASPE (Gk. Kafnrd<nrri. A mistress of Alexander the Great. Apelles is said to have taken her for the model of his "Venus Anadyo- mene." CAMPBELL, kamiyi, or, Scot. pron. kam'"l. See AiKivi.i., Marquis of. CAMPBELL, Alex. deb (1788-186G). An American clergyman, the founder of the Dis- ciples of Christ, or "Campbellites.' He was born in Ireland and was educated at the University of Glasgow. He came to the United States in 180'J, and settled in Bethany, Va., as pastor of a Presbyterian church, from which he soon de- parted and organized a society, now known as the Disciples of Christ, whose doctrine was that the Bible should be the sole creed of the Church. In 1841 he founded Bethany College ( Betlumy, W. Va.), and remained its president until his death. He established, in 1823, the Christian Baptist, which in 182!) became the Millennial Harbinger, and which he continued until 1803. He engaged in many controversies and published no less than flftytwo volumes, including hymn- O'Hiks and a translaticm of the New Testament. His most typical doctrinal works were Tite Christian System and Remission of Sin. He published .]femoirs of Thomas Campbell (1861). his father and associate in his work. Consult