of 12.538 square miles, coniprisiiif; a liisrlily mountainous distrii-t which belongs to the l)asin of the river Marafion. PopuUition. in ISiXi. 442.- 412. Tile department is noted rather for mineral wealth — principally gold, silver, copper, iron, and coal — than f<)r animal or vegetable life. Cajamarea until 18.54 formed part of the De- partment of Libertad.
CAJAMARCA, or CAXAMARCA, kiiHii-
mJir'ka ((.liiirhua ccufiKiir. cu-^ac. frost, ice 4-
mttirii, place, town, referring to its severe cli-
mate). A city of Peru, capital of the dejiartment
of the .same "name, situated on the east slope of
the Andes, at an elevaticm of about 0000 feet
above sea-level: 84 miles from the Pacific coast
and 310 miles north by west of Lima (Map:
Peru, H 5). It enjoys a moderate temperature;
is laid out with broad streets crossing at right
angles; and contains several plazas. There are
two fine churches, secondary colleges for both
sexes, a prison of modern construction, and the
ruins of the palace of Astopilco, where Atahualjia,
the last of the Incas, was killed in 1533 by
Pizarro. Cajamarea is one of the <ildest cities
- of Peru, and figured prominently at the time of
the Spanish Conquest. Three miles to the east, are hot sulphur springs known as the Incas' baths. The most important manufactures are steel articles, cotton and woolen goods, and straw- hats. Population, about 12.000.
CAJ'EPUT (Malay haya, tree + pnlili,
white). MtUilriicu hiicadendroti. A tree of the
order iMyrtaccir. from the leaves of whidi the
pungent, aromatic, volatile oil called oil of
cajeput is obtained by distillation. The cajeput-
tree occurs from the ilalay Peninsula to Aus-
tralia, and is a tree 30 to' 40 feet high and 2
feet in diameter, with a crooked trunk, pa|MTy
bark, white wood (whence the name, cajeput).
elliptical, lanceolate, alternate leaves, and ter-
minal spikes of wliite llowers. The greater Jiuin-
ber of the s[)ecies are natives of .ustralia.
where more tlian a dozen well-marked species
are known, some of them very beautiful shrubs
and frequent ornaments of British hothouses.
Much of the oil of cajeput of commerce is pre-
pared from Melaleuca leucadeiidron, but yola;
tile oils similar in many respects are distilled
from the leaves of many other species. A hun-
dred pounds of leaves 'yield slightly less than
one pound of oil. It is mairtained by some
that the true oil of cajeput comes only from
Melaleuca minor, but that species cannot be dis-
tinguished liolanically from Melaleuca leucaden-
dron. The oil contains a number of complex
constitutents, as cajeputol, hydrocarbcms, vari-
ous ethers, etc. It is a stimulant, counter-irri-
tant, diaphoretic, and antiseptic. In India it
is used extensively as an external applii'ation
for rheumatism. The oil is rather heavy, and
usually is of a greenish tinge. The wood is
hard, close-grained, and durable, especially when
placed under ground. The bark is useful for
packing, etc. In Australia these trees arc
known as tea-trees. Melaleuca axillaris pro-
duces a thin, spongi' hark, that can be used for
blotting and filter paper.
CAJ'ETAN (I.at. Cajetanus) (1469-1534).
An Italian ecclesiastic, who.se real name was
.lacopo de Vie (in religion Tomaso), the name
Cajetan being assumed by him from his birth-
place Gaeta (Cajeta). "At the age of 15 he
entered the Dominican Order, studied for the
next few years at Naples. Paihia. and Ferrara
(where he lield bis own in a public disputation
with Pico della Jlirandola). and in 150S became
general of his order. Leo X. made him a car-
dinal in 1517, and in the following year sent
him to (lermany to urge the Kmperor and the
Scandinavian kings to form a league against
the Turks. While on this errand he was com-
missioned to examine Luther ix>rs(mally, and
send him to Rome if need were. Luther ap-
peared before liim at .ugsl>urg. but refused to
retract his teaching on indulgences, and his
breach with the Church was only widened by the
discussion. In 1523 Cajetan was sent as legate
to Hungary: but Clement VII., (m his acces-
sion, recalled him to Rome, in order to make
use of his theological knowledge and counsel,
lie was consulted on the divorce of Henry VllL,
and decided unhesitatingly against it. He made
a translation of the Old Testament, with a com-
mentary, and wrote a treatise on the authority
of the Pope, which was answered by the faculty
of the Cniversit.v of Paris. He also wrote com-
mentaries upon parts of .Vristotle's writings, and
upon the Summa of Atpiinas. The latter is
reprinted in the definitive edition of the great
Aquinas issued under the )iatronage of Leo
XIII. (q.v.) (Rome, 1882). He died in Rome,
August n. 1534. A collection of his works ap-
peared at Lyons in l(i3i) (5 vols.); his life is
])reflxed. Consult, also. Scliilbach. De Vita ac
Scriptis de ] io Cajetani (Berlin. 1881).
CAJIGAL, kii'He-gal', Fr.
(isco AntoniO
( I(i!l5-1777 ) . A Spanish colonial governor, born
in Santander, Spain. He was (iovernor of San-
tiago. Cuba, from 1738 to 1747, and in 1742,
during the war l>etween Spain and Kngland, re-
pelled an attack of Admiral Vernon (ii.v). In
1747 he was appointed Oovernor-ticneral of Cuba,
which position he held until 1700, establishing
a navy-yard and arsenal at Havana during his
term ofofllce. From 1700 to 1701 he was a vice-
roy of Mexico nj interim, and afterwards, until
his deatli. lived in Spain.
CARCHIQUEL, k!ik'chAk."il'. .Vn important
tribe or nation, of ilayan stock, formerly hold-
ing the central districts of Cuatemala, where
their descendants still reside. The name is that
of a native tree, and their language is a dialect
of the Quiche. At the time of their conquest
by Alvarado. about 1524, they had attained a
high degree of culture, as is evidenced by their
architectural remains, their calendar and hiero-
glyphic systems, and their native literary pro-
ductions. They had an intense religious venera-
tion for maize! and there is even reason to sup-
pose that they were the firs^ people to reclaim
it from its original wild conditiim. The l)est
compendium of their hi-story and culture is
Briuton's Aiinnh of the ('akchi(juelx.
CAKES, The L.
u of. A title applied to
Scotland, on account of the baps, scimes, and
oatmeal cakes which, with porridge, form the
principal food of the country people. The epi-
thet was jircvalcnt in the Eighteenth Century.
CAKE-URCHIN. See Sand-dollar, and
Sea-Iui lllN.
CAL'ABAR (OLD) RIVER. An estuary-like bav on the north side of ihc Bight of Biafra, which penetrates British Nigeria just west
