Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/168

CANDLE-NUT, 136 CANELLA. torches, ■nliich are maili- by imlosing; four or five strinj;s in a leaf of tlie serev-i)ine (Pan- daiivis). The Umipbhxck used in tattooinf; was obtained from the shell of the candle-nut. A •.iininiy substance exudes from the candle-nut tree, which the South Sea Islanders chew. The candle-nut tree has been grown iu Florida and (^ilifornia. AlciD'iles corddia, a species from the south of China, yields an excellent lac. CANDTLISH, TtonERT Smith (180G-73). A fouiuUr and leader of the Free Chtireh of Scot- land. He was born in Edinburgh, studied in Glasgow, 'was licensed in 1S2S, and from 183-1 until his death was minister of Saint George's, Edinburgh. In the General Assembly of 1831) he strongly declared in favor of the Free Church party of the Established Clnirch, and in 1843 took a leading part in the formation of the in- dependent body. From the death of Chalmers (1847), his activity and eloquence made him the controlling .s^pirit of the Free Church. He de- clined an appointment as professor of divinity at Xew College, but in 1862 accepted the prin- cipalship of that institution. He improved the Free Church school system, and aided in forming the Evangelical Alliance (1845). His publica- tions include: Coiitrihiilions Toirurcln t)ic Expo- sition of the Book of Genesis (1842); On the Atonetncnt (1845); Exuminntion of Mr. Mau- rice's Theological Essays (1854); Reason and Revelation (1859); The Tiro Great Command- ments (1860) : and a postlnimous vohnue of Hennons (1874). CANDOLLE, kiiN'dol', De. See De Caxdolle. CANDON, kan-don'. A to i of Luzon, Philip- pines, in the Province of Ilocos Sur. It is situ- ated 29 miles south of Vigan, near the coast, on which it has a port, and contains a telegraph station. The toii dates from 1591. Popula- tion, in 1898, 15,797. CAN1)0UR, :Mks. a member of the School for Scandal in Sheridan's comedy of the latter title. Under the guise of a well-meaning frank- ness she is able to exceed even Backbite and Crabtree in acidity of speech. CAN'DUC (N.' African). A South African jackal. See Jackal. CANDY. See Co.xfectioxeey. CAN'DYS (Gk. KavSvg). A loose gown, worn hy the .ledes and Persians as well as the later Parthians over their other garments. It was a long flowing robe made of woolen cloth, which was either ])urplo or of some other brilliant color, and had wide sleeves. In the sculptures at Persepolis, nearly all the personages are repre- sented as so attired. CANDYTTTFT (Eng. Candy, archaic name for the island of Crete + tuft) (/ben's). A genus of plants of the order Crucifenc. The species are chiefly found in the countries sur- rotuiding the Mediterranean Sea, and the name candytuft is supposed to he derived from that of the island of Candia, the name Ihcris from Iberia (Spain). One species, Ihcris amara, re- markable for its bitterness, is n doubtful native of England. Some species are slightly shrubby, some are herbaceous perennials, some animals. Candytuft is among the most familiar ornaments of our flower-gardens, as the annual white and purple candytuft llheris umhellata) , the sweet- scented candytuft {Iberis odoratu), and two sliglilly shrubby species, Ihcris seinjicrrircns and ihcris scnijicr/lorcns, the latter of which, in sulli- ciently warm situations, contiiuies to blossom throughout the whole winter, and is prized for the abiuidance and the perfect whiteness of its flowers. There are about a dozen well-known species of Iljeris, all of which are rej)resented in gardens by niunerous cultural varieties. CANE, m- KEN, kan. A river rising in Biui- delkliand. India, near latitude 23° 54' N., and longitude 80° 13' E., and after a north-north- east course of 230 miles entering the .lunina in latitude 25° 47' X., and longitude 80° 35' E. (Jlap: India. C 4). It is generally too rapid and rugged for navigation, but during the rainy season is navigable from Handa,*30 miles above its conlluence. It is remarkable for the match- less beauty of its pebbles. CANEA, ka-ne'a, or KHANIA. The chief commercial town of Crete, and capital of a prov- ince (Map: Greece, E 6). It is situated on the northern coast, and occupies the site of ancieufc Cydonia. Tlie present city is of Venetian origin, and dates from A.l). 1252, wlien a colony was sent from Veniie to occi])y it. The object of its foun- dation was to kee]) down the Greeks, who had been in arms, and at open war with their Italian lords, almost williout intermission from the day when the Wnetians first set foot on their shores. Venetian coats of arms are still observed over the doorways of some of the principal lumses. Canea is surrounded by a strong wall and deep ditch, both of which. however, are in a state of great dilapidation; it has a good hut very shal- low harbor. Canea exjiorts to France and Italy oil, soap, wax, etc. The jwpulation in 1900 was 21.025. CANEBBAKE. A dense growth of Arniidi- mir)<i tnacrospcrma, a large kind of reed or grass, indigenous to the warmer jjarts of the United States. It grows in marshy situations, where it attains a height of 10 to 30 feet. It is of a genus allied to the bamboo (q.v.). The llowers are in panicles. The young growth of this cane is used as fodder, but the quality is rather poor. The stems supply fishing-rods, pipe- stems, splints for baskets, chair-bottoms, mats, etc. Arundinariii tccta. a related species, by some considered a variety, is smaller and more hardy. It is found as far north as Maryland and southern Illinois. CANE DELLA SCALA, ka'n& dellA skii'li. See ScAi.A. CANEL'LA (Xeo-Lat., from :Med. Lat. ca- nclla, cinnamon) {Canella albn, or Canella ^Vm^ teraiia). A small tree conmion in the West In- dies, and in the south of Florida, where it is often called wild cinnamon. The fruit is a small black berry. The whole tree is very aromatic, and its flowers are extremely fragrant. The bark of the young branches is the Canella hark of apothecaries, also known in commerce as white- wood bark, and sometimes called white cinnamon. It forms a considerable article of export from the Bahamas. It has an aromatic fragrance, re- g:irded as intermediate between that of cinnamon and that of cloves, and bitterish, acrid, pun- gent taste. It is employed as a stomachic and stinuilant tonic, and as an aromatic addition to tonics or to purgatives, in debilitated condi- tions of the digestive organs.