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CANSO. 152 CANTABINI. The Gut or Strait of Caxso is a passage 17 miles long and 2iv> miles in average breadth, connecting the inlet just mentioned with the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, and forming an island of Cape Breton. It is greatly used by local sail- ing vessels, but of the three channels between the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the open ocean, it is tlie one that is least frequently used by Eu- ropean vessels. CANST ADT, kiin'stat (from Cannslait, or Caii/il'idl, a city of Wiirttemberg) . The name ap- plied to a long-headed type of Quaternary man in Germany, based on a fragment of skull found among relics dug up in the year 1700 by Duke Eberhard Ludwig. Consult ilortillet, Le pri- hUlori<iuc (Paris, 1900). CANSTEIN, kan'stin. Kakl Hildebrakd, Baron von (1667-1710). The founder, by his writings and by his will, of the famous Canstein Bible Institute in Halle. Germany, for the dis- tribution of the Scri])turcs at the lowest rates. CAN'TAB, or CANTABKIG^IAN (Med. Lat. f'untdhrigiensis, from i'linldhrigiti, Cam- bridge). One who is either a student or a grad- uate of the University of Cambridge, England. CANTABILE, kan-til'beia (It,, singable, from Lat.. It. cantare, to sing). In music, a term which signifies in a singing or vocal man- ner. When placed over a passage of music, it demands an easy, flowing execution, along with a clear-cut and well-defined delivery of the chief melody, so as to bring it distinctly out against the background of the accompaniment. CANTA'BEI (a word of Iberian origin). A rude race of mountaineers of ancient Spain. They were of Iberian origin, and lived in a district comprised in the modern provinces of Oviedo (eastern part). Santander. Vizeaya, and Guipi'izeoa, on the coast of the Bay of Biscay, which derived from them its name. Oceanus Can- Uihriciis. The most important of their towns was luliobriga (the Roman form of its name). The Cantabri are descril)ed as like the Scythians and Thracians in hardihood and martial character, sleeping <in the bare earth, enduring extreme pain without a murmur, and. like most savages, leav- ing agricultural toil to their women. Their bravery was evinced in the Cantabrian War, a six years' contest with the Romans, begun by Au- gustus, and concluded by Agrippa (B.C. 2.5-10). Tiberius afterwards stationed garrisons in the towns of the conquered Cantabri, but some por- tion retreated into their fastnesses among the mountains, where they preserved their inde|)end- ence. They are supposed by some to be the an- cestors of the Basque race (q.v.). CANTA'BRIA. The name anciently applied to a district of Spain, on the south coast (vf the Baj' of Biscay, the home of the Cantabri (q.v.). CANTA'BKIAN MOUNTAINS. A range of mountains extending for a distance of over 300 miles through northern Spain near the shores of the Bay of Biscay, from the west end of the Pyrenees to Cape Finisterre (Map: Spain, CI), Less than .30 miles wide in the east in the Basque Provinces, the range broadens out toward the west and breaks up into a nunilwr of ranges, which, with their foot-hills, cover the whole northwest corner of the Iberian Peninsula ; at the east the nuin range is less than thirty miles from the coast, but this increases to about 70 miles at the west, l^xtreiuc elevations of over .5000 feet in the eastern part increase to nearly SSOO feet near the centre (PeiSa de Cerredo, 2678 meters) : but farther west the elevations decrease from COOO and 7000 feet in Asturias to 3000 to ■4000 feet in Galieia, and rapidly diminish toward the western coast. In general, the northern and western sides are stee[), forming a bold seacoast, with promontories interrupted by short narrow sections of flat coast, but on tlie south and east the slojie is nmre gradual, and the descent rela- tively slight to the great Castilian plateau. Dif- ferent portions of the Cantabrian ilountains have local names. CANTACUZE'NirS (:Med. Gk. KoiTa/.oi'> ro^, KfiiitaKou-rnof:) , .Joiix VI. (c.l292-c.l380), A Byzantine emperor and historian, born in Constantinople. Under Andronicus III. (1328- 41), he had prin(i])al charge of the Government, and when Andronicus died he was left regent, the successor being .Tohn Paheologus, then only nine years old. Suspected by the Empress, Can- tacuzenus fied from Constantinople, and pro- claimed himself Emperor. Six years of civil war followed, in which the rivals employed foreign mercenaries and nearly ruined the Empire. In 1347 Cantacuzenus entered Constantinople and became joint Emperor with John Pahrologus, but monopolized the r<iyal power. He gocrned the Empire until 1355, when John, aided by a pojjular revolt, overcame him, Cantacuzenus abdicated and entered a monastery, where he wrote a history of his life and times, from 1320 to 1357, "published in the collections of Byzantine historians. He strove during his regency and reign earnestly but unsuccessfully to preserve the Empire from further decline. CANTAL, kiix'tal'. A central department of France, formed out of the southern portion of the r)ld Province of Auvergne (Map: France, J 6). Area, 2217 square miles. Population, in 1896, 224,717: in 1001, 218,941, Almost the whole aiea consists of the remains of an extinct vol- cano, intersected by gorges and diversilicd by peaks, the highest of which are the Plomb de Canlal (009.5 feel) and the Puy Mary (5850 feet). Unimportant streams traverse the gorges. Cattle- raising is the chief industry, only about one- quarter of the department yielding arable laud. Coal exists in the northwest and near Mauriac, and marble is quarried. Capital, Aurillac. CANTALOUPE. A variety of musknielon (q.v.), CANTANI. kan-tii'ne, Arxoi.do (1837-93). An Italian physician, born in llainsbach, Bo- hemia, and educated in Prague. In 1864 he be- came professor of pharmacology and toxicology in Pavia : in 1867 director of the Clinical Insti- tute of iledicine in Milan: and in 1868 i)rofcssor in Naples. His investigations were devoted chiefly to such diseases as malaria, cholera, ty- phoid, tuberculosis, and diabetes. His elToi-ts in behalf of the introduction of German medical methods into Italy were es])ecially commendable. Among his principal publications are the follow- ing: Mdiiiialc ili materia medica e fcrajxiilica ! 2 vols., 1865-77), and Maiiualc di farmucologia vlinica (5 vols., 2d ed., Milan, 1885-90), CANTARINI, kan't:ire'n. Simone (1612- 48), An Italian painter, called the l'<sar(sc, or Himone da I'lmro. He was born in Oropezza, near Pesaro, and after studying under Pandolfi and C. Ridolfi, entered the school of Guido Reni,