Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/224

CARACARA. 1S6 CARAGLIO. family of the Falconiil.T, which contains six genera, of which the most important are Poly- borus and Ibycter. The former has three spe- cies, one of which, the caranclio, is the common 'carrionhawk' of Argentina and Brazil, while that now most commonly called 'caracara' is Caracara cheriway, which ranges from Ecuador to the southern border of the United States. Their names (compare Ciiima.ngo) are imita- tive of their hoarse cries. Consult: Sclater and Hudson, Artientine Ornithology, Vol. 11. (London, 188SI1 ; and Darwin, A Naturalist's Voyage (Lon- don, 18U0). CARACAS, ka-riilcis. The capital of Vene- zuela and an episcopal city, situated 6 miles south of La Guavra, its port, in latitude 10° 31' N. and longitude 67° 5' V. (Map: Venezuela, D 1). The city lies in a fertile valley, 3000 feet above sea-level, and enjoys a mild climate. Its streets are broad and straight, crossing each other at right angles, and its juincipal square, the Plaza Bolivar, with an equestrian statue of Bolivar in the centre, is surrounded by the Gov- ernment buildings, the university, the cathedral, and the episcopal palace. Other notable build- ings are the national museum and the public li- brary. Besides the university, there are numer- ous educational institutions, such as the med- ical school and the militarv- school. There are also several learned societies, and associations for the promotion of agriculture and industry. Canicas does little manufacturing, but is the centre of the export trade of the district, which produces cacao, coffee, tobacco, etc. The city is the seat of a United States consular agent. Population, in 1891, 72,429. CarJlcas was founded in 1567 as Santiago de Leon de Caracas, and prospered greatly because of its favorable situation. It was twice destroyed, in 1595 and in 1706, but continued to grow, and played an important part in the war of independence against Spain. The great earthquake of 1812 killed 12,000 persons and laid half the city in ruins. The last serious shock occurred in 1900. CARACCI, ka-ra'ch*. See Carbacci. CARACCIOLO, ka'ra-chr.'li'), Francesco (c. 1748-99). A Neapolitan admiral. Reentered the navy at an early age, and distinguished him- self at 'Toulon, in"l793. In the year 1798 he abandoned Ferdinand, and entered into the ser- vice of the ParthcnoiHum Kepul)lic, established by the French invaders, and with a few vessels prevented the attempted landing of a Sicilian and British ileet. In 1799, when Cardinal RufTo took Naples, Caraeciolo was arrested, contrary to the terms of capitulation, sentenced to death l>y the .Junta and hanged on the mast of a frigate. His corpse was thrown into the sea. For Caracciolo's fate Lord Nelson, influenced by the notorious Lady Hamilton, was largely resjionsible. CARAC'TACUS, or CARAT'ACUS (c.A.D. SO). A king of the Trinobantes who dwelt north of the Thames, and who were the masters of southeastern Britain when Claudius began his ccmouest in the vear 43. When (be Trinobantes were defeated, and their capital, Camalodunum (Colchester), was taken by the Romans. Carae- tacus retreated, but kept up the struggle until 51. In that year he was overthrown in a pitched bat- tle, his "wife and children were captured, and he ■was delivered to the Romans by Cartiraandua, Queen of the Brigantes, to whom he had fled for lefuge. Caractacus was sent to Rome, where he had to remain until his death. Tacitus in the Aiuutlcs, Book vii. Chai>tcr 37, jilaces an eloquent and dignified speech in the mouth of Caractacus when he stood in bonds before t)ie Emperor. CARAC'TACUS. (1) A play, "written on the model of the ancient Greek tragedy by William Mason, published in 1759, in quarto. It was done into Greek by George Henry Glasse in 1781. In 1805 it was republished in the oc- tavo collection of the author's works. The Lon- don Quarterly Review (xv. 376-387) designated it as "a beautiful dramatic poem, with much fancy, some tinsel, great classical taste, and an entire unfitness for representation." (2) A tragedy of J. R. PlanchC, produced in 1837. It is founded on Fletcher's Bonduca. CARACTERES DE THEOPHRASTE, ki - rak'tar' de ta'o'frast'. A work by La Bruyftre based on his translation of the character sketches by Theophrastus, which he extended and adapted to the customs of his own day. These studies were increased from 386 to 1100 in num- ber in the variims editions from 1688 to 1696. CAR'ADOC, or CRAD'OCK. A member of the Round Table in Artlnirian legend. One of the thirty-one knights selected by Merlin to ac- company Arthur to Carohaise, to hel|i King Leo- degran against King Ryance of Ireland, who was about to attack that monarch with fifteen tribu- tary kings. His wife was the heroine of the episode of The Hoy and the Mantle. CARADOC SANDSTONE. A heavily bedded sandstone, so named from its development at Caer Caradoc in Shropshire. With the Bala slates and sandstones, which are geologically equiva- lent, it constitutes the uppermost division of the Ordovician system of England. The Caradoo and Bala beds are fossiliferous, and have been used largely as the basis of comparison in geo- logical study. Their formation was accom- panied by extensive volcanic action; lavas and tufas are included within their limits, and in the Snowden region these rocks attain a thick- ness of several thousand feet. CARAFA, ka-ril'fa, Miciiele (1785-1872). An Italian composer, born in Naples of a noble family. He served as a cavalry officer under Mural (then King of Naples) in the Russian campaign of 1812, but after 1314 resumed the study of music and brought out operas in Naples, Milan, Venice, Rome, and Paris. After 1827 he lived in Paris, where he became a member of the Academy of Fine Arts, professor at the Conservatory, and director of the Gynmase de JIusique Militaire. Among his numerous works are Le solitaire (1822) and Masaniello (1827). CARAFE, ka-rif (Fr., from It. caraffa, a decanter, probably from Ar. ghiruf, vessel, ghar- Ufa, to dip up water). A water bottle or decan- ter for the table or toilet, a term long in use in Scotland. Init of later introduction into England and the United States. CARACAS, ki-rii'gfis. A Visayan dialect of eastern Mindanao. Sec Piiiuppines. CARAGLIO, ki-riilyA, Giovanni .Tacopo (cl498c.l570). An Italian designer and en- graver, born in Parma. He studied in Rome, and