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CARLETON. 220 CARLILE. is a play of great strength, and contains many lines of exceptional beauty. CARLETON, James Henby (1814-73). An American soldier, born at San Antonio, Texas. He took part in the so-called Aroostook War, arising over disputes concerning the northeast- ern frontier of the United States (1838-39). He also subsequently served in Kearny's expe- dition to the Rocky Jlountains (184(i). Later lie served on the stall' of (General 'ool, in Mex- ico, and distinguished himself at Buena Vista, ">vhere iic was brevetted major. He was the or- ganizer and commander of the "California Col- umn' of troops, which in the spring of 18()2 undertook the march across the Yuma and Gila deserts to the Rio Grande. In April of that year he received a commission as brigadier- general of volunteers, and soon afterwards re- lieved General Canby as comminder of the De- partment of Xew Mexico. In recognition of his distinguished services in that Territory, he was at the close of the war raised by brevet through all ranks in the regular army up to that of major-general. His principal publication is The Battle of Buena Vista, icith the Operations of the Army of Occupation for One Month (18-18). CARLETON, A'ili. (184.5—). An American poet, noted for his ballads of domestic life, which have been very popular. He was boi-n at Hud- son. Mich., October 21, 1845. Soon after his graduation at Hillsdale, in ISOO, he traveled widely as a lecturer in the Xorthern and West- ern States, Great Britain, and Canada. His first Poems appeared in 1871. These were fol- lowed by Farm Ballads (1873) ; Farm Legends (1875) ; Young Folk's Centennial Rhymes (1876); Farm Festivals (1881): City Ballads (1885) ; City Festivals (1892) : Rhymes of Our Planet (1805). He was also for a time editor of Evrryichcrc, an illustrated magazine. CARLETON, William (1794-1869). An Irish novelist, born at Prillisk, Tyrone, Ireland. Bred and educated among the jx'asantry, he passed through the common sufferings and priva- tions of Irish poverty. After receiving some scanty instruction in a hedge-school, he attended an academy at Glasslough. Subsequently a vague ambition led him to Dublin, where he arrived with only two shillings and ninepence in his pocket. He soon began writing, for a Dublin periodical, sketches of Irish life, which he published in 1830, under the title, Traits and f^tories of the Irish Peasantry. Their freshness of style pleased the public, and won the favor of critics. A second series, issued in 1833, was also well received: and in 1839 he publislu-d Fardo- rougha the Miser, an experiment in the longer novel of Irish manners. This was followed by a series of tales (3 vols., 1841), mostly of pa- thetic interest, but including a very genial and humorous sketch of the Misfortunes of Barney Branarinn. which proved a great favorite. In 1845 appeared Yalentinc M'Clutehy, a novel, half political and half religious in its tendency, de- fending the Irish Catholic priesthood, and advo- cating repeal of the union. Other narratives — Itodti the Rover (1845): The Black Prophet (1847) ; and The Tithe Proctor (1849) — contain many proofs of the author's talents. ^yilly Rciliy appeared in 1855, and The Eril Eye in I860! Carleton is the true historian of the Irish people. Sharing in their qualities of mind and temperament, he had genuine sympathy with all their joys and sorrows, and a graphic pen to describe them. Consult Traits and litorics, ed- ited by O'Donoghue (London and Xew York, 189G)." CARLETON COLLEGE (after W. Carleton, who gave it .'i^50,000). A non-sectarian educa- tional institution at X'orthlield, ilinn., founded by Congregationalists in IStiO. The college opened in 1870. It lias well-equipped chemical, physical, aiul biological laboratories, and an un- usually ellicient astronomical department. In 1901 the value of the college buildings and grounds was estimated at .'fioO.OOO, the produc- tive funds amounted to about .$250,000, and the library contained 17,000 volumes. At the same time the collegiate and preparatory faculty num- bered 24, and there were 231 students in the college jjropcr, 93 in the music schools, and 101 in the preparatorv department. President, James W. Strong, D.D.. LL.D. CARLETON PLACE. A town in Lanark County, (Mitario, Canada, on the Mississippi River and the Canadian Pacific Railroad, 28 miles from Ottawa (Map: Ontario. G 2). It contains large saw-mills, railway and other workshops. Population, in 1901, 4059. CARLI, kiirTe. (Jiovanni Ri.naldo, Count (1720-95). An Italian economist and anti- quarian, born at Capo d'Istria. In his twenty- fourth year the Senate of Venice ajipoinled him professor of astronomy and navigation there, in 1753 he was appointed president of the newly established Council of Commerce in Milan. Soon afterwards he published the first volume of his celebrated work on the coins of Italy, under the title, Delle moncte c dell' istitu::ione drile zecche d'lialia (3 vols,, 1754-60), In 17(!(! he published a pamphlet on the deterioration of coin in Jlilan, He also made a census of Jlilan, and wrote a pamphlet favoring a protective tariff, and a work entitled Delle antichit^ ita- liche (5 vols., 1788-91). CARLILE', Richard (17901843). An Eng- lish free-thinker, born at Ashbxtrton. He was apprentice in a chemist's shop, worked as a journeyman tinman, and. through the reading of Paine's Rights of Man, became a Radical. He next sold about London a weekly called the Black Dtrnrf. printed and disposed of 2.5.000 copies of Soutlicy's Ho/ Tyler, reprinted the Parodies of William Home, and wrote, in imita- tion of them. The Political Litany (1817). For this he spent eighteen weeks in the King's Bencli Prison. In 1818 he published Paine's works, which he followed by others of like character, and in 1819 was condemned to pay £1500 and be imprisoned in Dorchester jail for three years. Here he published the first twelve vol- umes of his periodical. The Rcpuhlican (1819- 26). A ])ublic subscription of i'tiOOO was raised for the iirosccution of his assistants, the Duke of Wellington heading the list : and his im- ])risonment was increased by three years, in lieu of the fines. Upon his release he edited a week- ly, The (lorgon, and conducted public discussions in the Rotunda, Blackfriars Road. Subsequent- ly he suffered something more than three years of additional imprisonment. He may he said to have done more than any other Englishman of his time for the freedom of the press.