Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/269

CAEMAGNOLA. 227 CABMEL. ill favor with the Duke, he offered his services to enice, and led a most suceesslul campaign against Milan. After the defeats of a second campaign, the Kepublic. suspecting treason, caused him to be beheaded. His fate has been celebrated in !Manzoni's tragedy, II conte di Cur- mainnda (1820). CABMAGNOLE, kar'ma'nj-61' (Fr., perhaps from the Italian town I'annuijiwla) . The name of a popular »ong and dance during the French Revolution, rivaling in popularity among pa- triots and soldiers the "JIarseillaisc" and the fa- mous "Ca Ira"' fq.v.l. It first became well know n after the storming of the Tuileries, August 10. 1702. The song began with: "Madame Vc^to avait promis," and every verse ended with the refrain: "Dansons la Carmagnole, vive le eon, vive le son. Dunstnis la Carmatruole, vive le sou du uaaon!" The words, liowever. did not always remain the same: couplets were added from time to time descriptive of the famous incidents of the Revo- lution, so that the Carmagnole became a typical song of the streets. Fashion soon adopted the word, which was next applied to a sort of jacket, worn as a symbol of patriotism. After- wards it was applied to the bombastic and fanati- cal reports of the successes and glory of the French arms. With the passing of the Reign of Terror the song practically disappeared. CAB'MAN, WiLLi.M Bliss (18(51—). A Canadian jovinialist and poet. He was born at Fredericton, New Brunswick, April 15, 1861. He was graduated at the University of New Bruns- wick (1881), studied at the Universitv of Edin- liurgh (1881-83), at Harvard (1886-88), prac- ticed engineering, taught, and became literary editor of the New York Independent (1890-92)'. His first volume of verse, Low Tide on Onind i're (1893), commanded general and favorable attention. It was followed by Songs from ]'aga- hondia (1894); Behind the Arras (1895); A Sea-Mark (1895); Ballads of Lost Haven (1897); By the Aurelian Wall (1898); .1/ore Songs from Vagabondia (1896) ; and Last Songs from Vagabondia (1900). The volumes of Vaga- bondia were issued jointly with Richard Hotey. Much of his work is still uncollected or privately ]jrinled. See C'AXAm.^x Literature. CABMABTHEN, or CAEBMABTHEN, k;ir-miir'Tiirn I Welsh. Caer Furddf/n. the Maridu- nunt of Ptolemy). A seaport town, capital of Carmarthenshire, South Wales, on the right bank of the Towy, 25 miles north-northwest of Swan- sea (Map: Wales, B 5). It lies in a picturesque situation, but the streets are irregular, steep, and often narrow. The Towy is naviga1)le for vessels of 200 tons up to the town. There are tin and iron works in the neighborhood, and the town carries on a considerable export trade in tin plates, cast iron, timber, marble, slates, lead ore, grain, butter, and eggs. Population, in 1901, 9900. Near Carmarthen are the remains of two Roman camps. The neighborhood along the banks of the river was, according to tradition, one of the favorite haunts of Merlin the En- chanter. Tt was long the residence of the na- tive princes of south Wales. CARMABTHENSHIBE, .,r CAfiBMAB- THENSHIBE. A maritime county in South Wale-, on the Bristol Channel. It is bounded north by Cardigan, from which it is separated by the Teifi; east by Brecknock; south by Gla- morgan and Carmarthen Bay; and west by Pembroke (Map: Wales, 15 5). It is the larg- est of the Welsh counties; area, 918 square miles, nearly a third of which is waste. Iron, coal, copi)er, and lead mining, stonc-(iuarrying, cattle - raising, grain - culture, hide -curing, and woolen manufactures are the chief industries. The chief towns are Carmarthen (the county town), Llanelly, Llandeilo-vawr, Llandovery, Newcastle-inEml3'n, and Kidwelly. Population, in 1891, 130.506; in 1901, 135.251. CAB'MEL (garden or choice plantation). A mountain range rising abruptly from the plain of Dothan, near Jenin, and extending in a north- west diicction for about 26 miles (Ma|); Pales- tine. B 2). The northwest end is almost at the ^Mediterranean and terminates as abruptly as the eastern. The highest point of the range is at Esfiyeh, where 1810 feet above sea-level is reached. On the eastern side of the range is the Plain of Esdraelon, watered by the brook Kishon, and on the western side the Plain of Sharon. Car- mel, though forming a natural barrier which allected the course taken by invaders of the country, did not play any part in the military history of the .Jews, but it is important in the religious history. It was in the Carmel district, forming part of Ahab's dominions, somewhere between Samaria and Ekron, that Elijah had the priests of Baal slaughtered (I. Kings xviii. 17-39). Elisha also visited it (II. Kings ii. 25; iv. 25 ) . Carmel was ahvays productive, so that with the prophets it is the type of a land blessed by God (Isa. xxxv. 2; .Jer. i". 19; Micah vii. 14), and the devastation of this district was threat- ened with severe punishment. The mountain was regarded as sacred and had the name 'Mount of God' in very early times. Anchorites established themselves there in the early days of Christian- ity, and many monasteries were built along the range in the course of time. One of these Napo- leon used in 1799 as a hospital for the sick and wounded of his army. A German colony now cultivates a portion of the range, and has built a sanatorium upon the highest part. Consult George Adam Smith. Historical Geography of the Holy Land, pp. 337-340. CAB'MEL. A towTi and county-seat of Put- nam County, N. Y., 50 miles north by east of !New York City; on Lake Gleneida anil on the New York Central and Hudson Kiver Railroad (Jlap: New York, G 4). It is the seat of Drew Seminary for Young Women, and has a Literary Lnion Library. Within the limits of the town is the celebrated summer resort. Lake Jlaliopac. Carmel was the birthjilace of Daniel Di-ew (q.v.), and here Enoch Crosby, the 's])y' of Coojier's celebrated novel, is buried. Population, in 1890, 2912; in 1900, 2598. CABMEL, K.MGiiT.s of the Ohuer of Oir 1 ADV (II .Motr.VT. An order instituted by H<?nry IV. of Krance to take the place of the Knights of Saint Lazarus of .Jerusalem, suppressed by him. It consisted of 100 gentlemen, all French, who were rcipiired to follow in general the Car- melite rule, as far as their life in the world would allow. The order was confirmed by bull by Pope Paul V., in 1608. The first grand mas- ter was Philibert de Nerestang, who had held the same position in the Order of Saint Lazarus. Louis XIV. restored the earlier name, and com-