was declared dissolved, but when it was proposed
to banish the l^ueen, the British Government in-
terfered. She received a pension of £5000, was
allowed to retain the title of Queen, and spent
her last years in a castle at Celle, Hanover. Con-
sult ra.all. t.ifv and Timcn of Queen Caroline
Matilda (London, 1864) and Wittieh, Struensee
(Leipzig, 18'Ji>). See Strviensee.
CAR'OLIN'GIANS (Fr. Carlovingirns. Med. Lat Carolhuii. from OHG. Karling, descendant (.f Karl, pariicularlv Charles Martel). The sec- ond dvnastv of Prankish kings. The origin of the fa'milv "is traced to Saint Arnulf, Bishop ot Metz, who died in 64L His son. Ansegisel, mar- ried a daughter of Pepin (q.v.). of Landen, in Austrasia. Their son, Pepin of Heristal, the greatest territorial lord in Austrasia, was called to the office of ilavor of the Palace, in that king- dom. At the battle of Testry in 08., Pepin compelled the weak Jlerovingian King, iheu- derich III., to invest him with the office of Mayor of the Palace in all the three Frankish States, Neustria, Austrasia, and Burgundy. Pepin al- lowed the Merovingian kings to remain upon the throne, but they were kings only in name. He died in 714. and left as his successor a grandson who was a mere child; but Charles Martel (q.v.), a natural son of Pepin, was made Mavor of the Palace bv the Austrasians, and in this capacity brought the three States under his power. He died in 74L His two sons, Carloman and Pepin the Short, divided the kingdom, al- though for a time the nominal Merovingian dynasty still existed. Carloman abdicated after a" few years and entered a monastery. Pepin at last foi-mally assumed the royal power, and was crowned King of the Franks in 751. From this is dated the beginning of the Carolingian dynas- ty Pepin was succeeded by his sons, Carloman and Charles the Great (q.v.) or Charlemagne, of whom the latter soon reigned alone, and pro- digiously extended his dominions. In 800 Pope Leo. III. set upon his head the crown of the Western Roman Empire. He planned to divide his dominions among his sons, of whom, how- ever, only one, Louis the Pious, survived him, who, in the list of the Kings of France, a])pears as Louis I., but who was properly Emperor and King of the Franks. With Charlemagne the high abilities of his fainilv disappeared, and his suc- cessors were comparatively weak. Family feuds broke out during the life of Louis the Pious, who had divided his dominions among his sons, and he terminated his troubled reign in 840. By a treaty concluded at Verdun, in 843, Lothair I., the eldest son of Louis, obtained the imperial crown and the kingdom of Italy, with Lorraine, Franche Coniti', Provence, and Lyonnais; Louis, his brother, called Louis the (icrman, obtained the (ieniian part of his father's dominions; and Charles the Bald., the son of a second mar- riage, obtained Neustria, Aiiuitania. and the Span- ish Mark. The iCmperor Lothair 1. ilied in 855, and his dominions were again divi<led — his eldest son, Louis 11.. becoming Kmperor and King of Itaiv.and his two odier sons kings of Lorraine and of Provence. the kingdoms of tlu'lwoyouMgeiliroth- ers later reverting to the Fm|)('ror. Charles 11.. the Fat (((.v.). son of Limis the (ierman. reigned over the reunited realm of Charles the Great from about 884 to 887. when he was dejiosed. Arnulf (((.v.). King of Germany, obtained the im- perial dignitv later, and Louis HI., the Child (q.v.) ruled in Germany from 899 to 911, when tne Carolingian d.-uasty there became extinct. The French dynasty, of" which Charles the Bald may be deemed the founder, continued a succes- sion of weak nionarchs and pretenders to the throne for about a century, till it terminated with the reign of Louis "V., on whose death Hugh Capet, the most powerful noldeman in France, seized the crown, in 987. The Carolin- gian kings had for some time possessed little real power. A subsequent marriage connected their family with that of the Capets, and enabled the kings of the Capetian dynasty (q.v.) to trace their descent from Charlemagne.
See Fr.vxks: Fb. ce; Germ.4>'y; Holy Roman Empire.
CAROLUS DURAN, ka'rahis' dy'riiN'. See DuR.vN, Charles Auguste Emile.
CARON, ka'roN', Ren^ Edou.rd (1800-76). A Canadian statesman and jurist. He was edu- cated at the Seminary of Quebec and at the Col- lege of Saint Pierrej and was admitted to the bar in 1820. He was mayor of Quebec from 1827 to 1837 and Speaker of the Legislative Council of Lower Canada from 1843 to 1847. and again from 1848 to 1853. On being appointed judge of the Queen's Bench in the latter year, he abandoned politics. In 1857 he was commissioner for codi- fying the laws of Lower Canada, and in 1873 was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec.
CARORA, ka-ro'ra. A town in the State of Lara, Venezuela, about 40 miles east of Barquisi- nieto, and midway between that city and Lake IMaracaibo. Stock-raising and tanneries are the chief industries, and there is a considerable trade in gums and rubber. The town was founded by Spaniards in 1572. Population, 8000.
CAROT'ID ARTERY (Fr. carol ide, Lat. carotis, Gk. Kapwrls, karofis, carotid, from xdpot, karos, deep sleep). The great artery which on each side distributes blood to the different parts of the head. Each carotid artery consists of the primitive or common carotid, which, at the upper margin of the larynx, separates into two great divisions of nearly ecpial size, the external and internal carotid. "The external carotid supplies the larnvx, tongue, face, and scalp with blood. its principal branches being the superior thyroid, the lingual, the facial, the occipital, the pos- terior auricular, the internal maxillary, and the temporal. The internal carotid enters the cavity ot the cranium through a somewhat tortuous canal in the temporal l)one, and after |)erforating the dura mater, or fibrous membrane of the brain, sei)arates into the anterior and middle cerebral arteries, which are the principal ar- teries of the brain; while in its course through the dura mater it gives otT the ophthalmic artery, which subdivides into several small branches that supply the eye and surrounding parts. See Cir- culation.
Wounds of the carotid trunks are generally from stabs. Suicides have a vague desire to cut them, but rarely cut sufficiently deej) by the side of the windpipe. Of course, should either vessel be wounded, death wcnild result almost immediately. Punctured wiunds, however, may not be iminediatelv fatal ; they may heal, or a false aneurism (q.v.) may result. These arteries are sometimes the seat of spontaneous or true aneurism. Sir Astley Cooi)er was the first to tie the common carotid for spontaneous ancu-
