Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/312

CARTERET. 264 CARTESIANS. New Jersey in 167C, Carteret became sole pro- jnietor of Kast .Terser, wliieh proviiite he left by his will to his widow and to several designated trustees, bv whom in 10S2, in consideration of £3400, it was transferred to twelve purchasers, who combined with twelve others to form the 'Twenty-Four Proprietors of East New Jersey." CARTERET, .Joiix, Earl Granville (1090- IVC.i). A British orator and statesman, born .April 22, 1690. His father, first Baron Carteret of Hawnes, died in 1095, and he succeeded to the jieerafje at five years of aire. He was edu- cated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; in 1700 was created D.C.L., and, ac- cording to Dean Swift's humorous assei-tion, car- ried away more Greek, Latin, and philosophy than became a person of such high rank. He took his seat in the House of Peers in 1711; spoke in favor of the Protestant succession; received the notice of George I. ; and obtained some lucra- tive appointments". In 1718-19 he was ambassa- dor extraordinary to Sweden, and in 1720 nego- tiated peace between Sweden. Prussia, and Han- over. In 1721 he was appointed Secretary of State, and in this capacity defended the pro- ceedings of the Government in the Atterbury conspiracy. In 1724, he became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and wa's in frequent consultation, aboit public affairs, with Dean Swift, Avho, in s])ite of numerous disagreements, praised his rule. His Lord-Lieutenancies ( 1724-2G and 1729- ."50) were particularly popular. From 1730 to 1742 he was one of "the most determined lead- ers of the opposition in the House of Lords against Robert Walpole, and on his displacement ^^^s made a Seeretaiy of State. He became Earl Granville at his mother's death in 1744. The same year he had to resign his seals of office, but continued to receive marks of royal favor, and in 1749-50 was elected and installed Knight of the Garter at Windsor. From 17.51 to his death, January 2, 17G3, he was lord president of the comcil niider Henry Pelham. Carteret was generally admired for his handsome presence, his classical and oratorical attainments, and for his patriotism, wit. and eonviviality ; but his op- ponents, including Pitt, hated him for his haughty contemirt of their opinions. Consult: Ballant-sTie, Lord Carteret: a J'oUtical Biography (London, 1887) : Lecky, History of EiigUiml in the EuiMeenth Century (New York, 1878-91) ; and llahon, History of England, Vols. II.-IV. (London, 183(1-54). CARTERET, Philip ( ? -1082). First pro- prietary Governor of New Jersey, appointed by Sir George Carteret and Sir John Berkeley, Lords Proprietors, in 1004. He arrived in August, 1005, at the site of Klizabethtown, which settle- ment he founded and named in honor of Sir tJeorge Carteret's wife, and exerted himself to secure emigi-ants from the New England Colonies by circulating among them the liberal 'conces- sions' granted by the proprietors, With the ex- ception of 1673-74. when the western part of New Jersey was held by the Dutch, he acted as Governor of the whole jirovinee until its division into East Jersey and West Jersey in 1670. after which until his death he was (Jovemor of E.ast Jersey. The early part of his administration was n'larked by conflicts with Sir lOdnnind . dros. Governor of New York, who claimed that New Jersey belonged under his own jurisdiction. CARTERET, Philip ( ?-179G|. .^n English naval olllccr and navigator. In 1700 he reached the rank of conunander, and in the same year sailed in command of the Siralloii:. in the expedi- tion sent out under Capt. Samuel Wallis for the exploration of the Southern Hemispliere. On April 11, 1707, while clearing the Straits of Ma- gellan, he became separated from the Doljihin, the other vessel of the expedition. He thereupon proceeded in his unseaworthy ship, discovered Pitcairn's Island and the Queen Charlotte Islands, explored the strait (named by him Saint George's Channel) between New Britain (now Neu Pomniern) and New Ireland (now Neu jSlecklenburg), and corrected errors made in the survey of Mindanao. In 1794 he was retired from 'active service with- a commission of rear- admiral. In view of his small resources and manv difficulties, he aeeomplised much for geo- graphical discovery. His interesting journal is to be found in Ha-kesworth, An Account of the Voyages Undertaken for Making Discoveries in the Southern Hemisphere (3 vols., 1773). CARTEROMACO, kar'tfi-ro-ma'ko. See FoRTECil'ERItl. NkxOLO. CAR'TERSVILIiE. A city and county-seat of Bartow County, Ga., about 50 miles nortli- west of Atlanta, on the Western and Atlantic Railroad (Map: Georgia, B 1). It is surround- ed by a stock-raising and agricultural region, in which cotton, grain, and fruits are i)roduced,- and there are "also valuable deposits of iron, manganese, gold, ochre, and other minerals. Population, in 1890, 3171; in 1900, 3135. CAR'TERVILLE. A city in .Tasper County, Mo., 10 miles west by south of Carthage, tlie county-seat, on the Missouri Pacific, the Saint Louis' and San Francisco, and other railroads (Map: Missouri, B 4). It is in the centre of a highly productive zinc and lead mining dis- trict, and has also boiler-works, iron-works, foundry and machine shops, etc. Carterville was settled" in 1875. Population, in 1890, 2884; in 1900, 4445. CARTE'SIANISM. The system of philoso- phy advocated by Descartes (q.v.) and his fol- lowers. (See Geulincx; Malebr. ciie; Ar- N.ULD, Axtoine.) Spinoza and Leibnitz had their point of departure in Cartesianism. but in- troduced modifications so significant that they are not generally reckoned in the school. The literature of the' subject is enormous. Consult, especially: BouiUeT,' Histoire de la philosophte Cartesienne (3d ed., Paris, I8C8) ; and Kuno Fischer, Geschichte der neueren Philosophie, Bd. I., translated by J. P. Gordy, under the title of Descartes and His School (New York, 1887). CARTESIANS, kiir-te'zhons. The name of a group of curves discussed by Descartes in con- "nection with the study of optics. In general they are curves of the fourth order, having two cus'ps. Comnmn forms of these curves are the eardioid and limagon (q.v.). Tlie Cartesian equation [x' -- y' - px) - nr{x^ + y') shows the relation between these special forms. The first case gives the curve marked (1), a linuicon; the second case gives the curve marked (2), a eardioid; and the third the curve marked ( 3) , an outer oval. The Cartesians, consisting of double ovals, are curves of the sixth class; those which reduce to linuK.'ons are of the fourth class;