Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/327

CASANOVA DE SEINGALT. 2 Anielot de la Hoiissaye's attack on the Constitu- tion of that Republic, failed, and as he became known lii-i n^al diaracter was recognized even in >la<liid and Paris. In his fifty-seventh year (17S2I he accepted the post of librarian to Count Waldstein at Dux, in Bohemia. Here he S|ient his declininsr years, livin<; over aj^ain with <leliirht the exjihiits of his f;odless life. These he decked out with an outrageous frankness and many piou* professions in his Memoirs, which are a faithful picture of Venetian manners and morals in their worst estate, drawn with what Janin calls "a marvelous instinct for vice and corruption."' CAS'AKEEP, or CASSAREEP (.South .American word I . .V sauce or comliment made from the juice of the bitter cassava, or manioc- root. It is in the highest esteem in Guiana, where it is employed to flavor almost every dish, and it is the basis of the favorite West Indian dish called ijeii)icr-pot. It is a powerful anti- septic, and meat can by means of it be kept for a long time quite fresh, even in a tropical cli- mate. It is made by evaporating and concen- trating the juice, which is also mi.xed with various aromaties. The poisonous principle of the juice is dissipated in the evaporation, so that although the juice in a fresh state is readily fatal to life, casareep is perfectly safe and wholesome. Casareep is imported into Holland and Britain, and remains unimpaired in quality for several years. CASAEEGIb, kii'sa-ra'jes, Giuseppe Mabia LoKEX/u I 1 1170-1737). An Italian juri.st, born in Genoa. He studied law at Pisa, and was an auditor of the Rota (q.v. ) at Siena and Florence. He was an authority in commercial law, and was one of the founders of the literature on that sub- ject. His principal work is Discursus legales de ■comniercio (2 vols., 1707; Vol.,111., 1729). CASAS GEANDES, ka'sas griin'das (Sp., great houses I . A village in Chihuahua, Me.xico, i.iO miles northwest of the city of Chihuahua, celebrated for the ruins of early Jlexican build- ings ( Map : Mexico, E 2 ) . In the vicinity are artificial moimds from which have been excavat- ed stone axes and various other prehistoric utensils. Similar ruins are found near the Gila, the Salinas, and the Colorado rivers. CASAS, Las. See Las Casas. CASATI. ka-sii'ti*. Gaetaxo ( IS.38-1002) . An .frican explorer. Jiorn at T.esnio in Upper Italy. After studying at the .cadcmy in Pavia he en- tered the Italian .rniy in 18,50 and served there till 1870. On Decenil)er 24th of that year he s-ailed for Africa under commission from the Societa d'Esplorazione Commerciale d'Africa. Upon landing he immediately took up his explorations, following llie course of the Welle River and ex- liloring the basin of the Bahr-el-Ghazal. In 1882 lie was held prisoner for some time by a native cliief; the following year he joined Emin Pasha and was shut in with him by the Mahdi insur- rection. After their release he became 'resident' for Emin Pasha in the kingdom of Kabba Rega. Although that monarch was at first friendly, he subsequently seized Casati and condemned him to death; the explorer, however, escaped to Lake Albert Xyanza. where Emin Pasha rescued him in 1888. ■ On December (i, 1S8!I, (Casati reached Zanzibar. Besides Reports, he has published 77 CASAXJBON. Dirci niDii in Eqvnfnria e ritornn ran Emin Pn- ■ xchn (2 vciU.. 1801 ). CASATJ'BON, Rev. Edwaiu). A character in George Eliot's Middlemarch. He is a dreamer whose supposed intellectual qualities so appeal to the heroine of the story that she accepts liim as a husband. He soon proves himself to be not the lofty idealist she had imagined, but luerely a self-centred pedant. See Brooke, Dorothea. " CASAU'BON, Fr. proii. kA'z.'.l)oN', Isaac (15.3',l-l(iU). A distinguished French classicist and theologian, who with Joseph s'caliger (q.v.) and Justus Lipsius (q.v.) formed the famous triumvirate of .Sixteenth Century classical scholars. Casaubon was born in Geneva, Febru- ary 18, 1550. At the age of 2.3 lie was appointed professor of Greek in his native town at a salary of £10 a year; in 1596 he was called to a similar position in Jlontpellier, and two years later was summoned to Paris by Heni-y IV. The influence of the Catholic opponents of Casaubon w-as strong enough, however, to prevent his re- ceiving a professorship, and instead he was ap- ])ointed royal librarian. After the murder of the King, he felt his position insecure, and in 1010 crossed to England, where James I. received him with favor, a])[)ointing him prebendary of Can- terbury and Westminster. Casaubon was sharp- ly attacked by his opponents because of the favor the English King showed him, and he was charged with having bartered his opinions for position. He died in Westminster July I, 1614, and was buried in the great Abbey. Tliroughout his entire life Casaubon was interested in theo- logical studies, but his fame rests primarily on his classical scholarship. He was possessed of great industry, an excellent critical and gram- matical sense, and skill in illustration and ex- position. He was the first to treat in systematic manner an important field of literary historj-. This he did in his masterly work, De Satirica Greeca Poesi et Roinanonim Safira (1605, last edition by Rambach, Halle, 1774). Most of his labor was expended on the preparatitm of editions and commentaries. The most important of these were on Strabo (15S7) ; Theophrastus's Characteres (1592); Suetonius (1595); Persius (1605, 4th ed., ISS.S, called bv Sealiger 'a divine book'); Polybius (1609); Polya>nus, the editio princeps (1589); and especially Athemeus (1598), on the commentary of which he spent ten years. Besides these, he edited Apuleius; Aristotle; Aristophanes; the nisloriw AiigtistfB Scrip tores; Pliny the Younger, etc.; he" also made important contributions to the criticism and intrepretation of Dionysius of Halicarnas- sus; Diogenes: Laertius; Theocritus, etc. His theological interests gave rise to the works De Lihertate Ecclesiasit ica (1607) and Exercita- Hones Contra Uaronitim (1614), in which he attacked the Anmilen Ecclesiastiei of Cardinal Baronius (q.v.). -MI these works would naturally appeal only to the scholar, but his characteristic diary, iCphemerides, may lie relished by the gen- eral reader. It was edited by Russcli (O.xford, 1850). Casaubon's Letters were published in Rotterdam, 1700. The scholar lived on in his son, JI6ric Casau- bon (I599-167I), born in Geneva and^educated at Sedan and Oxford, who edited the works of JIarcus Aurelius, Terence, Epictetus, etc. Made successively prebendary of Canterbury, vicar of